Marketing Mix of Fanta Essay Example

Promoting Mix of Fanta Essay A most loved in Europe since the 1940s, Fanta was obtained by the Coca-Cola Company in 1960. Fanta Orange is the center flavor, speaking to about 70% of deals, however different citrus and organic product flavors have their own strong fan base. Customers around the globe, especially adolescents, affectionately partner Fanta with joy and unique occasions with loved ones. This constructive symbolism is driven by the brand’s fun, perky character, which goes inseparably with the brilliant shading (especially orange), striking organic product taste, and shivery carbonation. Fanta sells best in Brazil, Germany, Spain, Japan, Italy and Argentina. Fanta dissemination was expanded in the U. S. in 2001 with the arrival of four flavors: orange, strawberry, pineapple and grape. Orange, the greatest merchant, is currently accessible in a large portion of the nation. Item Fanta is accessible in 3 flavors in particular Orange, green Apple and lime, green apple and lime were presented as of late while the Fanta orange flavor has been pervasive in India for long time now. Fanta orange is disseminated wherever I. . all through the nation where as other two are disseminated distinctly in chosen urban communities. New Flavors International soda pop organizations, for example, Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co. are endeavoring to enter the Indian market by endeavoring to bottle their national beverage, coconut water. Such organizations face wild rivalry from the customary players and will center their endeavors to make a nearness in the market by utilizing their mass advertising abilities, which have added to their overall achievement. We will compose a custom article test on Marketing Mix of Fanta explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Marketing Mix of Fanta explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Marketing Mix of Fanta explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The organizations revealed enthusiasm for Kerala’s regular beverage corresponds with the battle pursued by certain extreme gatherings against them and endeavors by state supported coconut advancement offices to expand the utilization of coconut items harming their key items like Coke-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta and 7-up. Item Differentiation Coca Cola in orange and lime flavors I. e. as for Fanta faces cut off rivalry from Pepsi Co’s Mirinda. Both the beverages can be separated on premise of two factors in particular: Sweetness and Gas Contents. Fanta on one hand is too sweet to even think about handling though mirinda is loathed by numerous in light of the explanation of its gas substance. Quality In India no item which uses water as the significant segment as a component of its item is conceded ISO norms. As notoriety of the Coca Cola as the organization is on stake, it arranges visit shock visits to its different packaging plants. A Coca-Cola plant has hindered creation and terminated 40 laborers even as a state government report found that muck from the processing plant contained significant levels of lead and cadmium. Authorities of the firm, be that as it may, said the cutbacks had nothing to do with the quality control report or a previous review by the inside for science and condition, which discovered significant levels of pesticides in Coke and Pepsi drinks. The creation stoppage occurred at the Dankuni packaging plant close to Kolkata a quality beware of the slime from Pepsi and coke’s packaging plants in west Bengal on Friday had uncovered the nearness of significant levels of lead and cadmium. Dankuni plant official Joydeb Mukherjee portrayed the laborers as brief hands, however didn't detailed by how much creation had been decreased. An organization representative guaranteed that the log jam underway was â€Å"a ordinary move† with regards to bring down requests in â€Å"off-seasons† and was not incited by a fall in deals after the unfavorable quality reports. In any case, a portion of the conserved laborers asserted this was the primary case of occupations cut in the Dankuni packaging plant. India’s Rs 1. 2 billion soda pops advertise was shaken by the CSE study this week guaranteeing twelve well known brands of Coca-Cola and Pepsi contained pesticides. The organizations rushed to alleviate purchaser fears and invalidate the examination by the NGO. Following up on CSE report, a few state governments have conveyed trial of the ooze and drink tests from the two organizations plants. The West Bengal governments test found that slop from coca cola Dankuni plant contained around 80 mg/kg of cadmium when as far as possible was just 50 mg/kg. Effluents from its two other packaging plants in West Bengal uncovered 76 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of cadmium separately. Deposits of these substantial metals had additionally been found in the ooze from coke’s packaging plants in Kerala state wellbeing specialists have requested that the two organizations clarify at what phase of creation the two overwhelming metals were being utilized. Test provides details regarding the drinks are normal on Tuesday. Coca-Cola in India blamed for leaving ranches dried and land posined The biggest Coca-Cola plant in India is being blamed for putting a huge number of ranchers unemployed by depleting the water that takes care of their wells, and harming the land with squander slime that the organization claims is compost. The plant in the southern province of Kerala is intended to fulfill the interest for coke in what has become the worldwide company’s quickest developing business sector. Yet, its gigantic interest for water is making such harm the nearby economy that the town board which had allowed the organization a permit to work is currently requesting the plants conclusion. So urgent have the closest townspeople become for water since their wells evaporated that Coca-Cola sends water big haulers round each morning to gracefully least needs. The organization denies the deficiencies have anything to do with its utilization of up to 1m liter of water a day from the underground spring that used to keep the wells bested up. The foundation activity help says the emergency confronting the once prosperous cultivating territory is a case of the most noticeably terrible sort of internal venture by worldwide organizations in creating nations. In a report to the world exchange organization’s meeting in Cancun, Mexico, in September the foundation says this sort of misuse must be controlled. The report says Plachimada was a flourishing farming network until Coca-Cola set up the packaging plant in 1998. Coconut forests and vegetable harvests have must be deserted on account of the absence of water. Activity Aid says a huge number of individuals took a shot at the land yet now only 141 are utilized at the plant, with a further 250 as easygoing workers. Tranquil demonstration fights have been continuing for over four months. In a hovel outside the plant an enormous Coca-cola bottle is kept in casket. In a report today on Radio 4’s acknowledge the obvious issues program subtleties of the contaminants in the slop Coca-Cola sells as compost, parts with, or once in a while dumps in dry riverbeds are uncovered just because. Tests taken in India and broke down by Exeter University show significant levels of lead and cadmium in the slime. Lead is especially terrible for youngsters, influencing their sensory system, and cadmium is taken up by plants, is poisonous to the kidneys and liver and can cause disease. The report by David Santillo says: â€Å"Repeated utilizations of muck, containing these sorts of levels of cadmium and lead, to agrarian soils would without a doubt lead to a development of these harmful metals in the dirt, from where cadmium could then be moved to plants †and in this manner into the evolved way of life. This polluted slime test additionally contained a high part of phosphorus, probably the explanation behind its advancement as a manure. Be that as it may, the nearness of significant levels of cadmium and lead in the slime make it totally unsatisfactory for use as a manure. Sunil Gupta, VP of Coca-Cola India, says the organization has been the objective of a bunch of fanatic dissidents and it is absence of precipitation that has caused nearby water supplies to be depleted. The organization professes to utilize a limit of 600000 liters per day. Mr. Gupta additionally says Coca-cola embraced a natural effect evaluation before building the plant, however has declined to make one accessible. He remained by the case that the slop squander from the plant was compost and said the organization followed all nearby ecological laws and represented the government assistance of the network. So far endeavors by the neighborhood committee to close the plant have fizzled. A request by the Perumatty town gathering dropping the company’s permit to work, in light of the fact that the packaging plant was over-misusing the water assets, was overruled by the Kerala high court a month ago. Estimating POLICY Since the accomplishment of the association in accomplishing the market goals is estimated on a benefit premise, evaluating strategy must be under severe vital ontrol. Valuing is unquestionably not the last action of the blend to be thought of, nor is something which can be immediately fathomed on the rear of a wrap in transit of meeting with the publicizing organization. Most associations discover estimating strategy a troublesome region to oversee. As a general rule, this is on the grounds that lacking exploration has been completed in the commercial center to discover the significant boundaries on evaluating †the correct value levels and the genuine adaptability open to association in its estimating choice. Frequently an association is glad to spend a hundred thousand dollars or beats on exploring its new item ideas, yet is opposed to burn through one percent of that on investigating the distinctive client recognitions to different value levels. There are number of components which will likely impact organization’s estimating strategy, factors, for example, the competitor’s value, the situation of the item in the lifecycle, organization situating strategy, saw level of separation and saw esteem, etc. One factor which, ought not have any effect on the

Satirical Elements In A Modest Proposal English Literature Essay

Ironical Elements In A Modest Proposal English Literature Essay In A Modest Proposal, parody is one of the primary components Jonathan Swift uses to clarify how Protestants manhandled Irish Catholics during the 1700s. A parody is an abstract work that impacts or pokes fun at debasement or any extra mistake or defect. Parody may make the peruser express beguilement at, or experience contempt for, the individual or item parodied. The significant capacity of a parody to incite perusers to fix the issue under discussion. The significant weapon of a humorist is verbal incongruity, a hyperbole wherein language is utilized to affront an individual or article by passing on a ramifications that is the opposite of what the words state. In A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift uses components of parody to survey Protestant pitilessness of Irish Catholics. Parody in writing, otherwise called Juvenalian parody, is utilized by those whose point is joke. It is more just known than characterized. From bygone eras comedians have shared a natural objective: to render stupidity in the entirety of its masks and to bring about change through such contact. It was a custom in English Literature through the seventeenth and mid eighteenth hundreds of years that journalists and writers would as often as possible utilize the act of parody either for political purposes or absolutely to underscore the  peculiarities of the general public. In such manner numerous central English abstract authors utilized parody in their work, however while various them utilized it to design a diverting circumstance, others would give it an incredibly unsympathetic tone, which brought about some grave issues with the individuals who were focused in their work. There are three primary kinds of parody; Juvenalian, Horatian, and Menippean. Horatian parody is named after the Roman comedian Horatian. It tries to oppose as opposed to attack bad habit or imprudence. A few strategies for parody incorporate incongruity, cleverness, or frivolity. When all is said in done, Horatian parody is gentler, better humored and thoughtful, to some degree liberal of human habit. It will in general counterfeit human silliness when all is said in done or by type as opposed to attack specific people. In this manner it will in general make a pessimistic grin. Juvenalian is named after the Roman comedian Juvenal. It is more unpleasant than Horatian parody. It frequently flares and shows dissatisfaction for individuals, and tries to handle some noxiousness in the public arena through contempt and criticism. While diversion and joke are still weapons of Horatian parody, the Juvenalian humorist isnt alarmed to utilize tirade to build a point. A Modest Proposal is a case of a Juvenalian parody. Menippean parody, then again, is the most established type of parody. It was named after Menippus. It is a multifaceted, complicated, and regularly ill defined type of parody. It will in general censure the topic. It is a parody that condemns everything in a disconnected way. Conversation is imperative to this sort of parody. It sees human stupidity and wrongdoing as a shared ailment. A Modest Proposal is everything that a humorous content ought to be. It incorporates criticism and joke as Jonathan Swift takes and gives us how the denied are dealt with wretchedly. The apparently harmless starting leads the crowd to assume that Swift will build up recommendations that decrease the enduring of grievous youngsters in eighteenth century Ireland, a second in time of congestion and land strain (suite101.) He appears to be authentic and thinks it is an adversity how wherever they walk around the avenues of Dublin they see sad residents arguing others for hand outs. Quick tells the crowd how the offspring of poor families are inconvenience and how as opposed to requiring charge and articles of clothing the remainder of their lives, they will gracefully to the taking care of and apparel of various measures of individuals. Any shrewd individual would think he plans to put them in processing plants or homesteads to work and not be on the avenues importuning for food. He at t hat point tells anyway that a youthful fit kid at a year old is a generally flavorful, supporting and healthy food (Swift.) Swift at that point proceeds as though he said something entirely levelheaded and sound. As per his proposal, twenty thousand youngsters might be saved for multiplication which is more than they agree to for sheep, steers, and pig. This is the point at which the satire begins to open up and that is at what time he drops the bomb on the crowd. The pay of his proposition is clear. Every one of his recommendations are clever, some even unpleasant. The more unfortunate occupants will have something prized of their own, which they may sell, to help pay the landowners expense. Not exclusively will they distribute their kids to the proprietors however on the off chance that they don't pay out their rent, the landowners can hold onto their children. The children are being utilized as an article of exchange and not by any means considered a person. This recommendation i s amusing in itself since Swifts proposition to sell and eat overabundance kids isn't unassuming at all nor is it an objective answer for Irelands issues. Quick states kids these days either grow up to be criminals or to battle for the Pretender (Swift), and accuses the populace as a full. A dull, unpleasant piece ofâ literature, Juvenalian parody utilizes shadowy silliness among other ironical methods to introduce harsh reactions of pay off or awkwardness. Jonathan Swift, who is notable for his mocking composition, utilizes all parts of Juvenalian parody in his essay A Modest Proposal to ambush the methods Ireland when all is said in done was run during his time. The focal interesting expression in A Modest Proposal is verbal incongruity, in which a creator or storyteller says the opposite of what he implies. Swifts excellent usage of this gadget makes his key contention that the Irish are deserving of more beneficial treatment from the English-telling and horrendously engaging. The mocking purpose of A Modest Proposal was misconstrued by bunches of Swifts partners, and he was unsympathetically scrutinized for composing an article with such very awful taste. He verged on losing his help as a result of this article. The error of the aim of the ironical assault occurred generally in light of the distinction between the mocking target of the savage proposition and the earnest tone of the account voice. In A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift uses components of parody to evaluate Protestant savagery of Irish Catholics. The significant weapon of a comedian is verbal incongruity, a saying wherein language is utilized to disregard an individual or item by passing on a ramifications that is the opposite of what the words state. A parody is an artistic work that impacts or pushes fun at debasement or any extra mistake or flaw. The significant capacity of a parody to incite perusers to fix the issue under discussion. Parody may make the peruser express entertainment at, or experience contempt for, the individual or item parodied.

The Making of the Riri Williams Pi Day Video

The Making of the Riri Williams Pi Day Video Outside MIT and Lobby 7 Chris asked to meet with me last fall, in late September. We sat down in an office in MIT Admissions. “For the spring admissions video,” he said, “I basically want to make a two-minute trailer for the new Iron Man with Riri Williams.” This sentence, and the conversation that we had afterward, was what would eventually turn into the video you all saw posted on Tuesday. For those of you that aren’t Xtreme Nerds (and/or don’t particularly follow Marvel), Chris was referring to the (then) recently released  new concept for the Iron Man comic series, a 15 year old black woman from Chicago studying at MIT. She was to take over Tony Stark’s place as the new Iron (wo)Man.   Art from the Iron Man comics A lot of people at MIT were of course ecstatic, and in particular quite enthused that Marvel decided to go into real MIT details, making sure to state that Riri was a resident of Simmons dormitory. Erick made an excellent blog post about it at the time. (I, personally, was confused that they managed to get Simmons right but somehow messed up the MIT motto in the Avengers: Civil War movie :P) Chris and I had a couple more meetings after that first one. He had worked with Loren S. ‘17 in the past for last year’s bb8 droid video and the previous year’s drone video, so he’d already contacted him again to ask him to come aboard for this year’s video as well. Given the much more extensive computer graphics work needed for this year, Chris had another producer in mindCowboy L. ‘20 (yes that’s his real name) who had submitted a video reel he’d made as a part of his application to MIT, and had a YouTube channel including some of his own computer graphics work. Loren, working with the steadicam we borrowed from Student Cable, an MIT group that helps students make professional-level video projects. Cowboy, holding the steadicam for the Lobby 7 footage. Lastly, we needed a cast. Ayomide F. ‘18 came up in a couple discussions we had because she had worked with Latasha in the admissions office previously. Ultimately, she became our lead (and only) actress. Ayomide, featured in some admissions publications sent out to prospective students earlier this year. Ayomide is a junior at MIT (Class of 2018) who studies Chemical Engineering. She’s very active in the MIT community as Panhellenic President, and frequently dances or performs in productions around campus. She danced with Mirchi, MIT’s South Asian fusion dance team, and lives in Maseeh. It was in part because of her acting and performance abilities that we thought she’d be great as Riri, and were even more encouraged when she was eager to take on the role. Ayomide in her Riri Williams outfit that we used in the video, photographed by fellow student Chheangkea I. 17 Now that we had a full team, Chris and I got started working on the actual story of the “trailer” we would have. We based it on the existing Riri introductory comic, and a lot of the fanart that was on tumblr. We’d follow Ayomide as Riri, putting together her Ironheart suit at MIT, and in a bunch of real places at MIT. From there, as the resident Mechanical Engineer, I worked on identifying all the actual locations (particularly labs and machine shops) we could film in, and sent many many emails to many many people asking for their time and permission. We did a lot of filming, and though I knew from the beginning that not everything could possibly fit into the final video, I cried at the loss of several really-frickin-awesome scenes. Probably the one that hurt the most (because it looked the coolest!) was cutting out the glass lab footage that Annie C. ‘18 helped us put together. Fortunately, Chris cut together a quick teaser for fun that includes some of the glass lab shots! Annie and Ayomide in the glass lab.   The actual, final-cut video contains footage from: Simmons dormitory, Lobby 7, Classroom 10-250, the Edgerton Center, the Center for Bits and Atoms’ Machine Shop, the MIT Wind Tunnel, Barker Library, Stu’s office in MIT Admissions, and of course, outside all over the campus. Lastly, all the inside-of-the-mask/HUD shots were taken inside the MIT Admissions office with a green screen background. Outside MIT and Lobby 7 We now live in the future, and you know because the aerial shots of MIT were done by a drone! I really enjoy all the tops of the buses on bustling Massachusetts Avenue, and the bright light over Statait’s surprisingly clean and beautiful footage. When we followed Ayomide while she was walking or moving, we used a steadicam, which (pretty self-explanatory) keeps the camera stable while in motion. That provides the nice cinematic sweep as Ayomide walks into Lobby 7 of MIT (if you look closely you can see me in the background, sitting on the floor and guarding our stuff) (I was the one filming the behind-the-scenes footage, so there’s never any real footage of me doing stuffI’m behind the camera!) Classroom 10-250 10-250 is a classic MIT lecture hall, in the sense that pretty much anyone who’s been a student here in the last 100 years or so has probably had to have class in it at some point. This is because it is big, capable of housing 450 students, and as I learned from this article, one of the most requested lecture halls in the institute, in use 90% of its available time. So, it made perfect sense to make Riri Williams attend lecture herealthough, you can make students go to class, but you can’t make them pay attention, as she demonstrates by half-listening, half-doodling in her notebook in the video. That scene was filmed during a real lecture that was just continuing as normal while we filmed quietly in the background. Dr. Simona Socrate stands at the blackboard, teaching 2.001: Mechanics and Materials. I like this scene a lot because it almost looks made upstereotypical MIT professor surrounded by tons of random equations, cliche. But that’s actually an exam review lecture (if you listen very carefully you can hear the students panicking) and all the students in that class sitting around Ayomide really did need to know all those equations on the board by their exam time the next week! MIT Wind Tunnel, Edgerton Center, and Center for Bits and Atoms Shop The MIT Wind Tunnel was my first excursion into the Aero/Astro department ever, and it was pretty darn cool. Fellow blogger Allan K. ‘17 helped set us up with some of his classmates who were planning to do some aerodynamics testing there, and I was sent on a reconnaissance missionto get the relevant contacts of wind tunnel staff, and see if it was feasible for filming. After confirming that it was possible, Chris, Cowboy, Loren, and Ayomide filmed the torso testing scene there with the help of David Robertson, who manages and maintains the wind tunnel. The Edgerton Center is home to student projects and affiliated with some classes. Ayomide really does know how to weld in real lifea skill she learned as part of D-Lab, a group of courses that aims to teach how to perform engineering in developing countries/settings. Ayomide has access to the Center, and so we chose it as a place where we could take some great shots of metalworking, as well as Ayomide spray-painting at the camera lens (presumably, some part of the suit) outside. The Center for Bits and Atoms  shop is the name of the machine shop on the first floor of the Media Lab, a place where I UROP in real life and Chris was once a research assistant. I had business hours access to the shop, but we needed the help of Mike Skuhersky, a masters student (known affectionately by many as “Blue”) to get us in on the weekend. This was where the torso hologram was filmed. Simmons Dormitory In the process of all the filming, one of the important (and awesome!) people we’d need is Virginia A. ‘18. Virginia is one of my own close friends and an actual resident of Simmons dormitory (Ayomide herself lives in Maseeh, and I live in New House). When I was asking around about rooms in Simmons, she let us use her room for filming Riri’s room. We all greatly appreciated it, and I personally felt it was a cool and important feature of the final video. Including someone like Virginia in the video, even tangentially, meant that although Riri Williams is a fictional MIT black woman, she’s played by a real MIT black woman, directed by a real MIT black woman, and “lives” in a real MIT black woman’s dorm room, something I thought was pretty awesome. It shows that all of Riri’s characteristics can be found, collectively, among all of the black women at MIT, and I’m glad that there’s now an additional story among all the fictional stories where people can witness this identity. Virginia (on the right) and I, being friends :)   Virginias dorm room in Simmons The Release! Editing and getting ready to release the video was probably one of the most strenuous parts of this process for Cowboy and Loren, who worked hard performing amazing video magic to bring our abstract concepts to life. It was strenuous for me and Ayomide because we were supposed to kind of keep this project a secret, and I was itching to tell everyone all the time all over the place, writing 5 blog posts about it in the process. Some of Loren’s CGI work creating the Iron  Man suit Final edits night at the New Media Center with Chris and Loren! There were a lot of things each of us thought were important during the editing process. I wanted to make sure that the engineering portrayed in the video made reasonable, real-life sense. When it came time to color-correct the video, admissions officer Latasha Boyd, seconded by Ayomide, brought up concerns about skin lightening, an unfortunate phenomenon that happens when photo editors are either careless or subconsciously favor lighting and color editing that washes out darker complexions. Cowboy and Loren were hard at work making sure the shadows and lighting of their own CGI creations made sense and were realistic. I was constantly impressed by everyone’s close attention to detail. And then the video was posted, and I got to work writing this blog post, which brings us full circle! Me, performing the less epic looking, but still strenuous(!) work of blagging Riri W. ‘20 Who is Riri Williams? This was a question that we set out to answer, in a way, through our 3-minute video. The inspiration for the storyline came from Marvel, but even before any of the comics were released, people were already excited and talking about the new character. Why? I once took a class called 21G.190: Modern Chinese Fiction and Cinema. Dr. Feng-Mei Heberer, who taught the class, once said, “the effect of a lack of representation is sometimes only visible in the limits of your imagination. Can you imagine an Asian Batman? Why not? How come that thought doesn’t even cross our minds when we think of Batman?” It extends to other areas of lifeis the programmer you think of a Muslim woman? I happen to know quite a few. Is the mechanical engineer you think of an African woman? Can you imagine a biology researcher, who’s also a transgendered man? People were excited about Riri because she opened up the spectrum of imaginationfor people in and outside of the demographic of black women. It makes you think, I can imagine a black, female, mechanical engineerbecause I’ve seen one. It allows people of that demographic to imagine themselves that way, too. Raul B. ‘17 sent an email out to Simmons dormitory the day that the video was posted, notifying his living group of their fictional dorm-mate Riri. “To be a senior,” he said, “and to think that this video can inspire little girls of color to apply and get accepted into MIT. Damn, its really something!” Every type of person is welcome to study at MIT, and there all sorts of different people here. I hope that any combination of a demographic present at MIT and a field of study that we offer is a person we can always imagine. Fanart from buttercookie-art.tumblr.com Riri Williams came to life almost more satisfyingly across the internet and tumblr, and that’s where we drew many of our ideas for the Pi Day video from. Fanart and fanfiction has always made its home in the margins of books, sketching beyond those limits of imagination (and theres an MIT class on that subject, too!) Fanart by blogger alumna  Rachel F. 12, who also drew Riris avatar for when the video was posted as a blog post. Its a young Riri trying to balance an inverse pendulum, which is a classic robotics controls problem! If you happen to create your own, we’d love to see it in the comments! Post Tagged #comics #Pi Day

How Has Recession Affected The Financial Markets - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2499 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction and Business reasons: The global liquidity crunch has affected most of the countries and among the highly affected countries is United Arab Emirates which was one among the growing business hubs in the world with its massive development and acceptance of different culture and business. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? known as the economic capital of U.A.E was badly affected by the recession. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Has Recession Affected The Financial Markets" essay for you Create order Consequently, huge fortunes have been wiped out due to Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current economic crisis exposing the risk of doing business in the Gulf. The expansion of Dubai was very ambitious but improbable. A $64 billion project that was initially planned at 107 square miles for a development that was to be the worlds largest collection of theme parks, shops, residences, and hotels called the Dubai Land.  For now all these remain a fantasy which is the cause of the economic downturn. WILSON, Z (2009) As a consequence to that, various other projects like an underwater hotel, a Tiger Woods golf course, a residential community set among full-scale replicas of the Seven Wonders of the World, a rotating skyscraper, and a beach designed by Versace, complete with chilled sand have been delayed. However after six years of quick expansion, the emirate had approximately $600 billion going into construction and is home to the worlds tallest building, the worlds largest shopping mall,  the biggest man-made island and  an indoor ski resort. These rapid developments caused a 7% increase in population anually. WILSON, Z (2009) However, once the recession hit the country, the economic conditions and development scuttled. Currently, an estimated 50% of construction have been delayed or cancelled, banks have stopped lending, real estate prices fell down by 41% in the first quarter of 2009 and are estimated to drop more and the stock market has fallen 70% from its peak. Due to this economic crisis, the expatriates living in the emirate are either fleeing or have lost their jobs. When the economy of Dubai was in its booming stage, it had 80% of its total 1.7 million residents to be foreigners. As long as this economic condition prevails in the emirate, life is going to be a challenge for the foreigners and other residents. However Abu Dhabi which is the capital of U.A.E has helped Dubai with $10 billion which is still a small amount when compared to the debt of Dubai estimated to be over $50 billion. Abu Dhabi is also being affected slowly due to the recession. However the impact is lesser than Dubai since Abu Dhabi controls over 90% of U.A.Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s oil reserve and is also home to one among the biggest investment company in the world known as ADIA (Abu Dhabi Investment Authority) The research will have its focus mainly on the damage done to the financial market and Business of the country. U.A.Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategy towards gaining momentum in overcoming the economic crisis will be critically analyzed. Personal reasons: U.A.Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development has always amused me. The country is one among the leading business hubs with all major multinational companies in the world. I had always wanted to study the business sector and financial market of U.A.E but coming from an Engineering background I did not have the tools and resources to do so which is the reason I have taken MSc International Business. I am taking this opportunity to study the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business using the tools and resources that I have already studied and going to study during my course. Moreover it would help me to understand more about International Business and reasons to the economic downfall of U.A.E. This would also help me once I go back in order to start a business. The knowledge of the economic situation and its detailed study would help me a great deal. III.PRELIMINARY LITERATURE REVIEW: During the late 2007, with the US economy going through its worst post war recession, the global economy faced the most synchronised recession ever which was a result of increased globalisation and global interdependence financially and trade linkages. The economies of almost all the major developed countries shrivelled rapidly along with many trade dependent developing countries which include U.A.E along with other major countries like India and China. Anirvan B and Pami D (2010). Before the spread of the global recession, it was believed only the U.S economy will face the economic downfall. But almost the whole of Europe and cuntries like India and China were also hit badly along with U.A.E which is a small developing country with big ambition. The economy of dubai was growing at an alarming rate with projects estimated to approximately $660 billion until the recession hit. In november 2009, the announcement of Dubai that it was going to freeze $26 billion of debt was a shock to the world and after two months when the real estate market crashed, Dubai government had over $60 billion debt which created serious doubts in the minds of investors about Dubai. A political science professor at Durham University in the U.K. stated The real story of Dubai is that it was a trick, Christopher D (2010). Abu Dhabi which is the capital of United Arab Emirates has been using its $43 billion of annual oil revenue to work controlled by one among the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s biggest investment company called ADIA (Abu Dhabi Investment Authority) building art museums, mosques and a renewable energy research institute. Pendleton and Devon (2010) Vol.  185 Issue 5, p108-109 With the likes of abundant oil reserves of Abu Dhabi and one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s biggest institutional investors (ADIA), Dubai has a ray of hope in surviving the current economic crisis. Abu Dhabi Inbestment Authority is known to be one of the biggest financial institutions in the world ranking second after the Bank of Japan, according to the Oxford Business Group. Roy and Sudip ()2006, Vol.  37 (444), 70-76. The company established in 1976 by the late ruler of U.A.E Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahiyan had its gaol towards investing the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s surpluses in International market with low risks. The company currently manages U.A.Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s surplus oil reserve which is estimated to be approximately $500 billion. The company has been able to raise its liquidity during this global crisis when equity market was struck severely. The country is mainly depending on the turnover of this establishment. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s aproach towards investment in US and Europe market are looking strong. Sheikh Ahmad says US treasuries are still the most liquid benchmark bonds in the world and will remain an important diversification tool. Mccrum and Philip (2010), Vol.  54 ,8, p30-31. In 2009, Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jebel Ali airport which is going to be the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s biggest airport found its construction at halt as its development plans were threatened by the gloabl economic crisis. The current economic situation has mainly affected the real estate market of U.A.E. With reduced net migration, decreasing jobs and the lack of availbility of credit has badly affected the real estate market. The prices for properties has gone down by 40% and reduced liquidity and credit for developers has shut down major projects. While there is no consumption data, inflation figures are below requirements. Dubaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"housing, electricity, gas and other fuelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ inflation was at 0.5% in February 2009 which was the lowest during that year. Emerging Markets Monitor (2010) 16,(32) 17. The emirate of Abu Dhabi shows less vulnerability to the current economic crisis when compared to Dubai. The Dubai Government had announces at 6 month stand still for debt payments in november 2009. U.A.Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic recovery only started gaining momentum in 2010. In this research, I will endeavour to highlight the key positive development that has occured since the recession and critically analyze the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future strategy. IV.RESEARCH questions and OBJECTIVES: 4.1 Research QUESTIONS: What are the reasons for the tragic economic downfall of U.A.E especially in the emirate of Dubai? What is the extent of damage to the financial market and business in the country due to the recession? How badly is the real estate market sector affected due to recession and what are its impacts on the residents? How has this economic downfall affected the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial market? What are the measures undertaken by the government and private business sectors to recover from the financial crisis? 4.2 Research OBJECTIVES: To critically analyze the reason for the economic downfall in U.A.E. To critically analyze and comment on the extent of damage and the precise business sectors that are most affected due to the recession in U.A.E. To critically evaluate the downfall in the real estate market and its impact on the residents To evaluate the effect of recession on U.A.Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial market. Finally, to comment on the measures undertaken to recover from the financial crisis and recommend measures which can help the recovery V.RESEARCH PLAN: Analysing a global phenomenon (the green phenomenon) at a European level and carrying out researches about a pillar industry (the automotive industry) that indicates most of the European countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ economic health implies that various data are available. Whilst numerous advantages such as giving precious in-depth data concerning the topic, it also means that important drawbacks will arise such as so-called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fakeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“disinformationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? data. Furthermore, this fact also implies that while collecting accurate data on such à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hot topicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the need to constantly access the latest and up to date data will be crucial and even unavoidable alongside my research. 5. 1 Data collection methods outline 5.1.1 Secondary Data In order to complete my research, I will be using secondary data like text books that are available at Coventry University related to Business strategy and Management to use the appropriate tools required to analyze a company or business that is hostile due to recession. Books like Business strategy Formulation Ulwick, Anthony W (2004), Chaotics: The Business of Managing and Marketing in the Age of Turbulence  Kotler, Philip  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  C, John A (2009) and Stock Market Cycles: Practical Explanation Bolten, Steven E.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  (2000). Other databases like EBSCO will be used to find journals and articles related to my research area. Articles like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Jebel Ali terminal faces 12-month delayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Foreman,c (2009) Middle East Economic digest, Vol 3,(9) 18 and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Contractors pay for falling pricesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Foreman,c (2009) Middle East Economic di gest, Vol 53,(5) 27-30.. Other articles and journals will be used for as my research progresses. Database like SAGE journals will also be used to find journals on Global recession and its effect on develpoed and developing countries. 5.1.2 Primary data Interviews One on one interview will be conducted with the IT department head of ADIA (Abu Dhabi investment Authority) as a part of primary data collection for my research. The interview will help me understand and perceive how the company is doing and regarding their current investments. Depending on the quality and depth of the information collected from this interview, I will be conducting another interview with the Marketing Manager of Abu Dhabi Cable Factory L.L.C which is a company I used to work for before the start of my course at Coventry University. All these data will help me comment on the present economic condition in United Arab Emirates and their future plans as my research progresses. 5.2 Data collection methods per objective In order to complete my first objective, I will be using journals and articles from databases like EBSCO and SAGE journals that contains materials purely on recession, its roots and forecasts. The second objective will be addressed using the information collected from the interviews and journals from EBSCO. For the third objective, information will be collected from databases like EBSO and SAGE journals. Additional information will be collected from local newspaper articles in United Arab Emirates. For the fourth and the fifth objective, information collected from the interviews will be used along with other journals and articles. In order to recommend measures which could help the recovery from recession, I would use information from books like Business strategy Formulation Ulwick, Anthony W (2004), Chaotics: The Business of Managing and Marketing in the Age of Turbulence  Kotler, Philip  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  C, John A (2009). 5.3 Analysis of data Primary data collected by interview will be grouped accordingly to answer the necessary objective of my research work. In order to do so I will be using the NVIVO 9 software which will help me analyze any unstructured information collected. 5.4 Limitations As far as the secondary data is concerned, the limitations are that the information available is from a third personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view which might not be accurate and also that we could find information contradicting some particular information since the research will talk about issues concerning the reason for the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current economic condition and measures that could be employed to overcome the economic crisis. The limitations for the primary data would be that the information collected may not be precise as it is information regarding a company or economy from an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perspective. VI.ETHICS I will ensure that I will follow the Universityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ethical procedures and submit the low risk ethical approval form and follow all the guidelines. For my primary data collection, I shall use the participation information leaflet for interviews and also attach a consent form for interviews. Interviews will not be conducted in ways that could go against the ethical issues like harm the respondents or question their honesty. All the data collected will be treated confidentially and will not be used for any other purpose than the research work. All data will be securely kept in line with the Data Protection Act 1998. VII.LIST OF REFERENCES Wilson, Z (2009) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ROAD TO NOWHEREà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  : FAST COMPANY 138, (13) 90-93 BusinessWeek (2009) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ ECONOMICS POLICY JAWBONING THE BANKSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  4161, (4) 8-13 available at https://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?hid=15sid=67e26db4-aa56-4136-9b5e-63151b0d62e8%40sessionmgr14vid=10bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=47040807 Foreman, C (2009) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Jebel Ali terminal faces 12-month delayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? : MEED-  Middle East Economic Digest 53, (9) 18 Anirvan, B and Pami, D (2010) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Synchronisation of Recessions in Major Developed and Emerging Economieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  : The Journal of Applied Economic Research 4, (2) 197-223 avalible at https://mar.sagepub.com/content/4/2/197.full.pdf+html Pendleton and Devon (2010) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Middle Eastern Mirageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  : Forbes 185, (5) 108-109 Mccrum and Philip (2010) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Abu Dhabi begins to open up.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  : MEED-  Middle East Economic Digest 54, (8) 30-31 Ulwick and Anthony, W (2004) Business strategy Formulation Kotler  ; Philip, C and John A (2009) Chaotics: The Business of Managing and Marketing in the Age of Turbulence   Bolten and Steven, E.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  (2000) Stock Market Cycles: Practical Explanation Middle East Monitor:  The Gulf (2010) 20, (5) 4-5 avalilable at https://content.ebscohost.com/pdf23_24/pdf/2010/D9B/01May10/49018531.pdf?T=PP=ANK=49018531S=RD=bthEbscoContent=dGJyMNHr7ESeqLE4yNfsOLCmr0mep7VSs6u4Sq%2BWxWXSContentCustomer=dGJyMPGvtk%2BwrrFQuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA Emerging Markets Monitor (2010) Vol.  16 Issue 32, p17-17 available at https://content.ebscohost.com/pdf25_26/pdf/2010/5DB/22Nov10/55340054.pdf?T=PP=ANK=55340054S=RD=bthEbscoContent=dGJyMNHr7ESeqLE4yNfsOLCmr0mep7VSsKi4Sa6WxWXSContentCustomer=dGJyMPGvtk%2BwrrFQuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA

They Are Made Out of Meat - 662 Words

They’re Made Out of Meat (analysis) They’re Made Out of Meat is a short story by Terry Bisson. It consists entirely of dialogue between two characters. The beginning of this dialogue seems to be rather strange and incomprehensible; the characters are speaking about meat and it is difficult to understand what this â€Å"meat† means in this particular context. But gradually the reader begins to tune in, and soon he finds out that they use the word â€Å"meat† to imply human beings. And these two creatures themselves are aliens, sentient beings that are capable of travelling faster than light and their mission is to meet with human beings, to welcome them and to set contacts with them. The fact that they use such words as Orfolei, Weddilei, C†¦show more content†¦Then†¦to explore the universe, contact other sentients, swap ideas and information. The usual.). Besides people are viewed as inferior creatures (†¦but what do you think is on the radio? Meat sounds. You know how when you slap or flap meat it makes a noise? They talk by flapping their meat at each other.; It seems harsh, but there is a limit. Do we really want to make contact with meat?). So, taking into accounts all these points, the aliens decide not to fulfill their initial mission. They come to a conclusion that it is better to ignore â€Å"meat†, erase all the records and mark this sector unoccupied. The thing is that they are sure that they know a lot about humans, but in fact they do not know anything. They consider themselves to be much more superior, they feel themselves to be the centre of gravity. But actually, they are biased and hostile towards human beings just because humans are different. The whole story rolls around the concept of meat. First of all the repetition of this word sets the rhythm. Besides the meat is personified and it makes the story funny and humorous. (â€Å"†¦thinking meat, conscious meat, loving meat, dreaming m eat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The fact that these creatures are talking like humans also provides humorous effect. (Omigod. Singing meat. This is altogether too much!†). At first it may even seem that they are scientists or researchers, who are discussing a recent experiment orShow MoreRelatedThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesexpose the brutality faced by the workers in the meatpacking industry. Sinclair wanted to show people what was really going on in the factory because few people were informed about these companies work conditions. He wanted to show the public that meat was â€Å" diseased, rotten, and contaminated† (Willie).† This revelation shocked the, public which later led to the creation of the federal laws on food and safety. Sinclair strongly shows the failure of capitalism in the meatpacking industry which heRead More meat packing industry Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagesindustry. Rights and responsibilities were blatantly ignored b y the industry in an attempt to turn out as much profit as possible. The meat packers did not care if poor working conditions led to sickness and death. They also did not care if the spoiled meat they sold was killing people. The following paper will discuss the many ways that rights and responsibilities were not being fulfilled by the meat packing industry. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At the turn of the twentieth century â€Å"Muckraking†Read MoreEssay on Behind Meat and Meat Factories1404 Words   |  6 Pages Background/History Meat has been in our diet since the start of mankind. We eat meat everyday mindlessly. It is hard to avoid meat since it is everywhere we go. Meat is the majority of today’s food. There are very few vegetarian or vegan options in the food industry. Although, it has been growing more and more popular since it has become a lifestyle. The reason is to be the horrifying truth of today’s meat industry. 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Culprit in Article: the Company that is considered the culprit in this article and is the one who has been accused for the selling of the frozen hamburger that paralyzed Ms. Smith from the waist down was Cargill. Even though Cargill is one big company they sale meat products underRead MoreEveryone Shouldnt Be Vegetarian Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagespounds of chicken and 43.5 pounds of pork per person.(citation?) Only 5% of Americans are vegetarians and with that much meat eaten by Americans, in one year alone why should you to forced to become vegetarian? With meat being the main staple in the Americans diet there is no reason we should take that of the table. That fact alone shows that most Americans’ diets are made up of meat sources. According to the United States Census Bureau (USCB) the U.S. population was 313.8 million; meaning that 16 billionRead MorePersuasive Essay On Hot Dogs955 Words   |  4 Pagesbring, primarily because of the water that is added to the blend of leftover meat trimmings, is what make hot dogs to be such a tasty treat. All you have to do is open the package, place the hot dogs to boil for four to five minutes and they are ready to be enjoyed. Hot dogs are, of course, approved by the USDA norms, and are statutory all over the United States. Hot dogs may be easy to cook; however, they are not easily made. There is a long and laborious process with lots of steps to get from theRead MoreOn Why Supporting the Meat Industry is Unethical: An Utilitarian Argument By Nobody of Consequence on Something of Consequence1415 Words   |  6 PagesFactory farming and the entire meat industry in general have long been regarded as such which is reeking with unethical practices and injustices for both the animals and humans directly and indirectly involved. Organizations such as Mercy for Animals which is an activist group that speak out against such poor treatment of the animals used for our consumption (SOURCE) while people such as Upton Sinclair became part of a catalyst for an industry wide revolution for the workers through his 1906 novelRead MoreTo Meat Or Not To Meat?. If You Picture The Stereotypical1408 Words   |  6 PagesTo Meat or Not to Meat? If you picture the stereotypical American meal, you may think of outrageous portion sizes, fatty foods, and mountains and mountains of meat. Last year, the average American consumed around 194 lbs. of beef, chicken, or pork, increasing from 184lbs in 2012 (Hill). While there is a notable increase in the amount of meat consumed, it should also be noted that there has been a gradual shift in the diets of people throughout the world. More are more people are removing meat fromRead MoreRogerian Argument On Vegetarianism . Vegetarianism Has1227 Words   |  5 Pagesof eating absolutely no meat, fish, or poultry. It can be a healthy and environmentally friendly decision, but vegetarianism is not for everyone. It can be hard for people to completely cut themselves off from eating meat. However, humans can slim down on meat to help the environment and live a healthier, more balanced lifestyle with smaller portions. â€Å"Opportunities for higher efficiency can be found all along the meat production–consumption chain† (Smil). However, mass meat production can be harmful

Macbeth and Tragic Hero Free Essays

Macbeth, a tragedy written by William Shakespeare in the 17th century, expresses clearly the strong pull that desire for power can have over a man. Macbeth, the title character of the play, is often expressed as being the villain of the tragedy. However, through studying the play closely it is clear to see that, rather than being an innately evil character, Macbeth is in fact a tragic hero, doomed by fate from the start to descend into the madness which he did. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth and Tragic Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now Had it not been for his hamartia and his interaction with the witches and his wife then the play would have had a very different ending. Like every tragic hero in literature Macbeth suffered from a tragic flaw, or a hamartia. In his case, his flaw was his vaulting ambition, combined with a lust for power. Macbeth himself recognises this ambition in act I, scene 7 where he states in a soliloquy â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent but only vaulting ambition†. This comment suggests that he knows that the only thing that prompts his actions is his ambition. While ambition alone is not in fact a bad trait, when added with a lust for power, this ambition can become dangerous. Did having these qualities mean that Macbeth was indisputably corrupt? No, they simply meant that he, like all human beings, had a flaw and a weakness. Indeed, at the start of the play, Macbeth was seen as the hero, being described as â€Å"brave Macbeth† in act I, scene II, and shown as a loyal and brave solider on the battle field. He is also frequently referred to as valiant by Duncan throughout the first act. That ambition always resided within him but did not cause a problem until the prophecy was made by the witches in act I. It was essentially the moment that the witches first cast the prophecy over Macbeth that sealed his fate forever. Without the witches foretelling his rise to power as Thane of Cawdor and furthermore as the future king of Scotland, the idea would never have occurred to him. He was initially a modest character, grateful of his position in life. However, once the witches planted the seeds in Macbeths mind they started to flourish and, given his hamartia, the idea wholly consumed him. Though initially he did not believe what they said, once he was granted the title Thane of Cawdor, he started to consider that it could possibly be true. There is a noticeable ifference in his attitude toward the prophecy before and after he is made Thane of Cawdor. Before, there is a clear disbelief in his approach, though it’s obvious that he hopes for it to be true. Where as afterwards Macbeth is starting to view his promotion to King as not just a possibility, but rather an inevitable truth. His desire for this power arose and his ambition started to take control. It was this moment that started his transfor mation from hero, to tragic hero. However, the alteration was a slow one and throughout the tragedy the Witches continued to contribute to Macbeths growing insanity. Their prophecies begun to dictate his every move. This reliance on the witches is seen in the final scenes of the play, where Macbeth shows increasingly reckless behaviour in the battle scene due to the witches’ prophecy that â€Å"none of women born would harm Macbeth† (act IV, scene I). He became enraptured by a longing for power, a desire that would not have consumed him so, had it not been for his interaction with the witches. For if the Witches had not come along, than it is certain that Macbeth would not have fallen victim to the clutches of madness like he did. However, it was not only the Witches who contributed to his mighty fall. For it was not until he wrote to his wife that the ambition fully started to form. If it was the Witches who planted the seeds, then it was Lady Macbeth who helped them to grow. In many ways, Lady Macbeth can be described as the driving force behind the murder of Duncan and thus also Macbeth’s transformation. It was initially Lady Macbeth who created the idea for the murder of the King. Whiles Macbeth had previously considered it, he had never come to a conclusion and had simply left things to see how they turned out. Lady Macbeth was the one who voiced the idea and who pushed it. In act I, scene 7 Macbeth had decided that he would not go through with the act, however he was convinced otherwise by his wife, who questioned his manhood through quotes such as â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more then what you were, you would be so much more the man† (act I, seven 7). She worked on Macbeth’s ambition and filled his mind with ideas of power. Combined with his tragic flaw, it was almost impossible for Macbeth to resist that temptation. It was ultimately Lady Macbeth who spurred him to murder Duncan. Macbeth was not a typical villain, for whiles he did kill people he felt guilt and remorse for his acts. In the scene following the discovery of Ducans murdered body (act II), Macbeth showed great difficulty in hiding his remorse. This contrasted with his wife, who could easily hide the truth and forge innocence. He was also aware of the consequences that could arise from his actions, as seen in the ‘if it were when tis done’ soliloquy in act I, scene 7. Most other villains created by Shakespeare did not suffer from this same form of guilt as Macbeth, guilt that eventually drove him crazy. This emotion is shown in the scene where Macbeth sees an apparition of Banqo at the banquet. This apparition was a reflection of his remorse for the crime he had committed and his fear of being caught. This guilt and knowledge of the consequences of his actions is one of the main things that separates’ Macbeth from a typical villain and helps make him a tragic hero. Macbeth was not an irrevocably evil character, but rather one who had flaws which he caved into. In the end, it was his hamartia and his interactions with the witches and his wife that shaped him into the tragic hero that he became. How to cite Macbeth and Tragic Hero, Papers

The Ordeal of Reconstruction free essay sample

Freedmen Define Freedom I At first, the freed Blacks faced a confusing situation, as many slave owners re-enslaved their slaves after Union troops left. Other planters resisted emancipation through legal means, citing that emancipation wasnt valid until local or state courts declared it. II . Some slaves loyally stuck to their owners while others let out their pent-up bitterness by pillaging their former masters land, property, and even whipping the old master. Ill.Eventually, even resisting plantation owners had to give up their slaves, and afterwards tens of thousands of Blacks took to the roads to find new work or look for lost loved ones. IV. The church became the focus of the Black community life in the years following the war. Emancipation also meant education for Blacks, but despite Al the gains Blacks made, they still faced severe discrimination and would have to wait a century before truly attaining their rights. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ordeal of Reconstruction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ill. The Freedmans Bureau I. N order to train the unskilled and unlettered freed Blacks, the Freedmans Bureau was set up on March 3, 1865. Union General Oliver O. Hardheaded it. II. The bureau taught about 200,000 Blacks how to read (its greatest success), since most former slaves wanted to narrow the literary gap between them and Whites; the bureau also read the word of God. Ill. However, it wasnt as effective as it could have been, as evidenced by the further discrimination f Blacks, and it expired in 1872 after much criticism by racist Whites.IV. Johnson: The Tailor President I Andrew Johnson came from very poor and humble beginnings, and he served in Congress for many years (he was the only Confederate congressman not to leave Congress when the rest of the South seceded). Al. He was feared for his reputation of having a short temper and being a great fighter, was a dogmatic champion of states rights and the Constitution, and he was a Tennessee who never earned the trust of the North and never regained the confidence Of the South. V. Presidential ReconstructionI Since Abraham Lincoln believed that the South had never legally withdrawn from the Union, restoration was to be relatively simple. In his plan for restoring the union, the southern states could be reintegrated into the Union if and when they had only of its voters pledge and taken an oath to the union, and also acknowledge the emancipation of the slaves; it was appropriately called the Ten Percent Plan. Like the loving father who welcomed back the prodigal son, Lincoln plan was very forgiving to the South. II. The Radical Republicans felt punishment was due the South for all he years of strife.They feared that the leniency of the 10 % Plan would allow the Southerners to re-enslave the newly freed Blacks, so they rammed the Wade-Davis Bill through Congress. It required 50% of the states voters to take oaths of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than the 10% Plan. Ill. However, Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill by letting it expire, and the 10% Plan remained. IV. Let became clear that there were now two types of Republicans: the moderates, who shared the same views as uncoil and the radicals, who believed the South should be harshly punished. Sadly though, Lincoln was assassinated. This left the 10% Plans future in question. When Andrew Johnson took power, the radicals thought that he would do what they wanted, but he soon proved them wrong by basically taking Lincoln policy and issuing his own Reconstruction proclamation: certain leading Confederates were disfranchised (right to vote removed), the Confederate debt was repudiated, and states had to ratify the 13th Amendment. VI. The Baleful Black Codes I. N order to control the freed Blacks, many Southern states passed Black Codes, laws aimed at keeping the Black population in submission and errors in the fields; some were harsh, others were not as harsh. II. Blacks who jumped their labor contracts, or walked off their jobs, were subject to penalties and fines, and their wages were generally kept very low. Ill. The codes forbade Blacks from serving on a jury and some even barred Blacks from renting or leasing land, and Blacks could be punished for idleness by being subjected to working on a chain gang. IV.Making a mockery out of the newly won freedom of the Blacks, the Black Codes made many abolitionists wonder if the price of the Civil War was worth it, since Blacks were hardly utter after the war than before the war. They were not slaves on paper, but in reality, their lives were little different. VII. Congressional Reconstruction I. Len December, 1865, when many of the Southern states came to be reintegrated into the Union, among them were former Confederates and Democrats, and most Republicans were disgusted to see their former enemies on hand to reclaim seats in Congress. II.During the war, without the Democrats, the Republicans had passed legislation that had favored the North, such as the Merrill Tariff, the Pacific Railroad Act, and the Homestead Act, so now, many Republicans didnt want to give up the power that they had gained in the war. Ill-Northerners now realized that the South would be stronger politically than before, since now, Blacks counted for a whole person instead of just 3/5 of one, and Republicans also feared that the Northern and Southern Democrats would join and take over Congress and the White House and institute their Black Codes over the nation, defeating all that the Civil War gained.IV. On December 6, 1865, President Johnson declared that the South had satisfied all of the conditions needed, and that the Union was now stored. VIII. Johnson Clashes with Congress I Johnson repeatedly vetoed Republican-passed bills, such as a bill extending the life of the Freedmans Bureau, and he also vetoed the Civil Rights Bill, which conferred on blacks the privilege of American citizenship and struck at the Black Codes. Al. As Republicans gained control of Congress, they passed the bills into laws with a 2/3 vote and thus override Johnnys veto.Ill-Len the 14th Amendment, the Republicans sought to instill the same ideas of the Civil Rights Bill: (1 ) all Blacks were American citizens, (2) if a state denied citizenship o Blacks, then its representatives in the Electoral College were lowered, (3) former Confederates could not hold federal or state office, and (4) the federal debt was guaranteed while the Confederate one was repudiated (erased). IV. The radicals were disappointed that Blacks werent given the right to vote, but all Republicans agreed that states wouldnt be accepted back into the Union unless they ratified t he 14th Amendment. K Swinging Round the Circle with Johnson l. Len 1866, Republicans would not allow Reconstruction to be carried on without the 14th Amendment, and as election time approached, Johnson anted to lower the amount of Republicans in Congress, so he began a series of Round the Circle speeches. Al. However, as he was heckled by the audience, he hurled back insults, gave give me hell speeches, and generally denounced the radicals, and in the process, he gave Republicans more men in Congress than they had before-?the opposite of his original intention. X. Republican Principles and Programs .By then, the Republicans had a veto-proof Congress and nearly unlimited control over Reconstruction, but moderates and radicals still couldnt agree with one another. Al. Len the Senate, the leader of the radicals was Charles Sumner, long since recovered from his caning by Preston Brooks, and in the House, the radical leader was Thatched Stevens, an old, sour man who was an unswerving friend of the Blacks. Ill. The radicals wanted to keep the South out of the Union as long as possible and totally change its economy and the moderates wanted a quicker Reconstruction.What happened was a compromise between the two extremes. XSL. Reconstruction by Sword l. The Reconstruction Act of March 2, 1 867 divided the South into five military zones, temporarily disfranchised tens of thousands of former Confederates, ND laid down new guidelines for the readmission of states (Johnson had announced the Join restored, but Congress had not yet formally agreed on this). All states had to approve the 14th Amendment, making all Blacks citizens. All states had to guarantee full suffrage of all male former slaves. II.The 15th Amendment, passed by Congress in 1869, gave Blacks their right to vote. Ill. Len the case Ex apart Mulligan (1 866), the Supreme Court ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians, even during wartime, if there were civil courts available. IV. By 1870, all of the states had complied with the tankards of Reconstruction, and in 1 877, the last of the states were given their home rule back, and Reconstruction ended. The end of Reconstruction was part of the Compromise of 1877-?the two presidential candidates were at a stalemate and the only way to break the stalemate was with a deal.In the deal, the North got their president (Rutherford B. Hayes) and the South got the military to pull-out (abandon? ) the South and the former slaves, thus ending Reconstruction. XII. No Women Voters I Women suffrage advocates were disappointed by the 1 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, since they didnt give women suffrage. After all, women had gathered petitions and had helped Blacks gain their rights. Frederick Douglass believed in the womens movement, but believed that it was now the Negroes hour. II As a result, women advocates like Elizabeth Caddy Stanton and Susan B.Anthony campaigned against the 14th and 1 5th Amendments-?Amendments that inserted the word male into the Constitution for the first time ever. XIII. The Realities of Radical Reconstruction in the South I. Backs began to organize politically, and their main vehicle was the Union League. It became a network of political clubs that educated members in heir civic duties and campaigned for Republican candidates, and later even built Black churches and schools, represented Black grievances, and recruited militias to protect Blacks. Black women attended the parades and rallies of Black communities.II-Black men also began to hold political offices, as men like Hiram Revels and Balance K. Bruce served in Congress (they represented Mississippi). Ill Southern Whites hated seeing their former slaves now ranking above them, and they also hated scalawags, Southerners who were accused of plundering Southern treasuries and selling out the Southerners, and carpetbaggers, Northerners accused of parasitic Ill milking power and profit in a now-desolate South. IV. One could note that Southern governments were somewhat corrupted during these times.

Hate Crimes Essay Essay Example

Hate Crimes Essay Essay Example Hate Crimes Essay Essay Hate Crimes Essay Essay Essay #2: What are the roots of the violence/hate crimes today in our contemporary society? What can we do to reduce them? Explain. The world is full of HATE. What is this word? What makes someone HATE someone else enough to kill or harm another human being? Hate crimes are criminal actions intended to harm or intimidate people because of their race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or other minority group status. They are also referred to as bias crimes. Hate crimes have been going on in the world for a long time. I view the crucifixion of Jesus as the first hate crime. Jesus was crucified by the Romans because of religious reasons they didn’t agree with. Did the Crucifixion of Jesus become the root of hate crimes going on in our society? No there is no way to say what became the actual root of hate crimes, but there are a lot of things that could have helped the increase of these crimes. The media, race, and sexuality are the things that have increased hate crime greatly. During the 1900’s the hate crime rate sky rocketed because of race. During this time period African Americans were being lynched because white people refused to see them as their equals. : The whites during this time period went through desperate measures to intimidate the blacks by starting the Klu Klux Klan. The murder of Emmet Till is an example. Emmet Till was a 14 year old boy that was beaten and killed because by two white men because of his race. What white people did to African Americans during that time have put a lot hatred in them, causing them to be angry towards the whites and themselves. In the United States there is a lot of black on black crimes going on. Every day on the news boys and men are getting killed for the dumbest things; such as money, drug, and even women. During the 1990’s, the media depicted a lot of this violence with the whole east coast west coast thing. The east coast versus west coast was a conflict between two very famous rappers: Tupac Shakur and Biggie Smalls. This conflict caused a big issue between LA and New York causing young boys to kill others who was not from the same city as them. The result of the conflict between the rappers was they both got shot and killed within months of each other. There are many different targets of hate crimes and each perpetrator may have many different reasons which they feel justifies their commission of the crime. However in all honesty, there are not a million reasons why hate crimes are committed; there are neither thousands nor hundreds. In fact, there arent even three reasons. There are only two reasons. One is ignorance and the other is stupidity. Some people define those two terms as synonyms. However, I make clear distinctions between them. To me, an ignorant person is someone who makes a poor choice or wrong decision because he/she does not have the proper facts to make a good choice or decision. If that person were to be supplied with the facts of the situation before deciding, they could then make the correct and proper decision. A stupid person is someone who does have the facts regarding the situation, but still makes the wrong choice. Fortunately, there is a cure for ignorance. That cure is called education. Education allows us to make informed choices. That education can come from what we learn in school or what we learn by observing the experiences of others or what we learn from our own experiences. Unfortunately, there is no cure for stupidity. If you educate someone the proper information and facts and they still choose to make the wrong choices, there is nothing you can do. So we must strive to educate ourselves and be willing to educate others by sharing our knowledge and experience when the opportunity presents itself. People, who lack exposure to other people, cultures, and diversity, tend to be ignorant. They fear the unknown or what is foreign to them. So ignorance breeds fear. If that fear is not kept in check, the fear will breed hatred. People tend to hate those things that frighten them. If the hatred is not kept in check, it will breed destruction. People want to destroy what they hate, because it caused them to be afraid. Theres a good possibility that what they were afraid of, was harmless, but they were to ignorant to realize it. So with that being said all we can do is try to reduce it, because with all the stupid people in the world, hate crimes are never going to end. African American Lynching, the Ku Klux Klan, and Hate Crimes. African American Lynchings. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. hangmansknot. com/articles/african-american-lynching. htmam p;gt;. Day of Jesus Crucifixion Believed Determined. Discovery News. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Oct. 2012. http://news. discovery. com/history/jesus-crucifixion-120524. html. Ferber, Abby L. Getting to the Roots of Hate Crime. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 17 Apr. 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. huffingtonpost. com/abby-ferber/getting-to-the-roots-of-h_b_188193. html. National Association of Students Against Violence Everywhere Hate Crimes. National Association of Students Against Violence Everywhere Hate Crimes. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Oct. 20 12. nationalsave. org/main/hatecrime. php.

The Definition of a Bar Graph

The Definition of a Bar Graph A bar graph or a bar chart is used to represent data visually using bars of different heights or lengths. Data is graphed either horizontally or vertically, allowing viewers to compare different values and draw conclusions quickly and easily. A typical bar graph will have a label, axis, scales, and bars, which represent measurable values such as amounts or percentages. Bar graphs are used to display all kinds of data, from quarterly sales and job growth to seasonal rainfall and crop yields. The bars on a bar graph  may be the same color, though different colors are sometimes used to distinguish between groups or categories to make the data easier to read and interpret. Bar graphs have a labeled x-axis (horizontal axis) and y-axis (vertical axis). When experimental data is graphed, the independent variable is graphed on the x-axis, while the dependent variable is graphed on the y-axis. Types of Bar Graphs Bar graphs take different forms depending on the type and complexity of the data they represent. They can be as simple, in some cases, as two bars, such as a graph representing the vote totals of two competing political candidates. As the information becomes more complex, so will the graph, which may even take the form of a grouped or clustered bar graph or a stacked bar graph. Single: Single bar graphs are used to convey the discrete value of the item for each category shown on the opposing axis. An example would be a representation of the number of males in grades 4-6 for each of the years 1995 to 2010. The actual number (discrete value) could be represented by a bar sized to scale, with the scale appearing on the X-axis. The Y-axis would display the corresponding years. The longest bar on the graph would represent the year from 1995 to 2010 in which the number of males in grades 4-6 reached its greatest value. The shortest bar would represent the year in which the number of males in grades 4-6 reached its lowest value. Grouped: A grouped or clustered bar graph is used to represent discrete values for more than one item that share the same category. In the single bar graph example above, only one item (the number of males in grades 4-6) is represented. But one could very easily modify the graph by adding a second value that includes the number of females in grades 4-6. The bars representing each gender by year would be grouped together and color-coded to make it clear which bars represent the male and female values. This grouped bar graph would then allow readers to easily compare the number of students enrolled in grades 4-6 both by year and by gender. Stacked: Some bar graphs have each bar divided into subparts that represent the discrete values for items that constitute a portion of the whole group. For instance, in the examples above, students in grades 4-6 are grouped together and represented by a single bar. This bar could be broken into subsections to represent the proportion of students in each grade. Again, color coding would be needed to make the graph readable. Bar Graph vs. Histogram A histogram is a type of chart that often resembles a bar graph. However, unlike a bar graph, which represents the relationship between two different variables, a histogram represents only a single, continuous variable. In a histogram, the range of values is divided into a series of intervals, known as bins or buckets, which are labeled on the charts x-axis. The y-axis, when the bins are evenly spaced, measures the frequency of the given values. Histograms can be used to produce models of probability and to estimate the likelihood of certain outcomes. How to Make a Bar Graph The easiest way to create a bar graph is to use the Charts tool in Microsoft Excel. This tool allows you to transform spreadsheet data into a simple chart, which you can then customize by adding a title and labels and by changing the chart style and column colors. Once you have completed the bar graph, you can make updates and adjustments by changing the values in the spreadsheet. You can also create simple bar graphs using free online tools such as Meta Chart and Canva.

Run- dmc's impact on rap and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Run- dmc's impact on rap and society - Essay Example ablished Rush Productions, a hip- hop management Company in the 80’s encouraged his brother Joey to form a rap duo with his friend Darryl McDaniels. They started out as a duo and later roped in another friend called Jason Mizell. The trio introduced a dress culture to suit their fancy and set them apart from the regular dress code. Their style was flashy with hats, untied sneakers and heavy gold chains that greatly appealed to the youth and left a deep impression on their suburban rock fan following. (Simon & Schuster, 2001) Run – D.M.C outshone their predecessors Grandmaster Flash and Whodini by being much more tougher and menacing while using samples from heavy metal and their popular spare beats. They helped to promote rap from a genre that was single oriented to a genre that became officially album oriented. Run – D.M.C was the very first hip – hop artist group to cut full- fledged albums and slowly made it into the mainstream of music. In the course of time Run – D.M.C had spawned many other groups and were even overtaken by them, yet they dedicated themselves to performing even into the 90’s. The group had cut their first single titled â€Å"It’s Like That† in 1983 which sounded like no other rap during that time. By 1985, they had become America’s most popular and influential band after their second album titled â€Å"King of Rock.† This album was succeeded by the R&B single which was a cover for the legendary Aerosmith titled â€Å"Walk This Way† which became Run- D.M.C’s biggest hit single which was recorded using Aerosmith’s Steven Tyler and Joe Perry. This was the very first hip – hop number that appealed to both rappers and rockers alike. This album was followed by their third album titled â€Å"Raising Hell† which became the first rap album to scale to number one on the R&B charts and then even go platinum. There was no turning back now for Run – D.M. C as they strengthened their position as the first rappers to make a

The impact of smarts phones and tablets in the modern busniess Literature review

The impact of smarts phones and tablets in the modern busniess - Literature review Example Some of the mobile technologies available include mobile marketing, location based marketing (LBS), video on demand and social media. These applications are known to increase both distribution and communication channels. The thesis of this paper is that there is a need to access the actual impact of smart phones and tablets in modern businesses, in a holistic way. This shall assist in maximizing on the merits of device mobility and minimizing the setbacks of the same. Leveraging on mobile technologies is helpful in improving efficiency and performance of companies. Quality and affordable cloud based (Saas) software-as –service applications facilitate sales a management and workforce automation (Van Akkeren & Cavaye 1999). Modern businesses are able to reduce cost and save time due to seamless data connectivity (Al-Qirim 2007). This improves their connectivity. Simple and powerful tools have been of help when it comes to connectivity and mobile device applications. The main cha llenge in modern businesses is how to adopt a suitable app or platform in large organizations (Halonen & Melero 2003). According to Henry Blodget, smart phones and tablets must be seen as enablers are vital in the modern business fraternity. ... According to the CEO Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group, a luxurious hotel, guests can contact the customer care through an application on their smart phones or tablets. The guest can also comment the process of booking a room through the social media. According to a business week research, small businesses have benefited from smart phones. They have identified that smartphones and tablets are vital in the acquisition and retention of customers. According to Research in Motion, owners of modern small businesses in the United States of America are focusing on new technologies to expand their market share. They have given preference to technologies that enhance mobility. According to the research, most business owners believe wireless or mobile application and communications enhance customer relations. However, the observation falls short of revealing the real impact of smart phones and tablets in the modern businesses. Surprisingly, about 75 per cent of the businesses surveyed are not tapp ed the benefits of using smart phones and tablets. Smart phones, tablets and other portable devices are increasingly becoming powerful, complex and popular (Paelke & Rosenbach 2003). Many knowledge workers prefer to work using personal devices. Personal data and workplace information is converged in one mobile device. Proliferation of portable computing devices has an impact in consumer behavior (Basso 2006). According to Jameson, smart phones and other computing devices have an impact in business practices. Most previous researches tend to suggest that portable computing devices have a significant impact in modern businesses. However, the details

Change during the introduction of new system to control attendance

Change during the introduction of new system to control attendance The control of staff attendance has been a problem for Co-operative Food, a UK retail organisation, and it has been looking to improve its systems to monitor attendance of its employees. Co-operative Food wants to bring effectiveness in their work, e.g. through procedures and systems, for actively delivering their services to the consumers. That is why it is ensuring that they are efficient enough to do that. In order to pursue this, Co-operative emphasises on time management of its staff by bringing in a new system for the control of staff attendance. In the UK retail sector, Co-operative is one of the pioneers to introduce such a new generation system for control of staff attendance as compared to other big supermarkets like Asda, Tesco, Sainsburys and Morrisons. More specifically, Co-operative has introduced a biometric system which became operative in 2010, and requiring Co-operative staff to touch their finger at identification points to get verified. The new attendance recording system is a technological change to monitor employees attendance, when they start and finish their shift, by giving their finger print. If an employee leaves the premises of the company he signs out and then sign in again when he returns to the premises. This system has benefited the company to control its wastage of time and labour cost. Originally, an older system was being operated at Co-operative Food till two years ago by signing manually the attendance register. This register was usually placed near the managers office and the employees had to sign in and out before and at the end of their shift. This system was seen as a failure as employees gave little importance to this system. For example, they got paid even if they missed to sign in by requesting the manager at the next day that they forgot to sign in. This manual system was replaced in 2008 by a swipe card system to monitor staff attendance, which also had some drawbacks. In the swipe card system someone else, other than the employee, could also swipe it for him/her, without the knowledge of the supervisor. This is an important issue because such a change affects employees to a great extent if it is not planned and implemented properly. For example, due to the frustration employees could abuse the system by taking long tea or lunch breaks. Or they might waste companys time to do unnecessary activities e.g. they could go up in the canteen and sit there hiding without the knowledge of the managers or supervisors. Or if they havent accepted the change their way of work could be slackened, which will affect the performance of the organisation. It will be studied in the dissertation how this change has affected employees attitude towards their organisation. The research will look into employees perceptions of this change. Do they feel a sense of distrust from the organisation being monitored in a way that they have to give the finger prints to get recognized by the system or are they happier than before due to this innovation? 1.2 Research aim This study will focus on the effectiveness of change management practices and procedures in the organisation and will find out how these have helped in smooth implementation of this system. This research will help to understand how new staff management system was implemented in the Co-operative organisation, and if any issues like dissatisfaction or behavioural problems among employees have occurred and how these issues were dealt with. 1.3 Objectives 1: To find out at what extent has Co-operative achieved the objectives planned with the introduction of a biometric staff attendance system. 2: To analyse what issues evolved among employees. 3: To study the effectiveness of the implemented change. 1.4 Research Questions What are the issues that a new staff attendance system brings in the organisation? How can change management procedures deal with those issues? To what extent has Co-operative achieved the objectives planned with the introduction of a biometric staff attendance Chapter 2. Literature Review This chapter will review literature about change management procedures and implementation issues. 2.1 New technology and the related issues There is a major issue of human resistance attached to the introduction of new system. Gregson(1994, p. 23) gives an example of the introduction of new technologies and the human resource issues related to the implementation process. He depicts that when automatic teller machines (ATM) were launched in banks, it gave huge benefits to customers but at the same time the bank employees were discouraged by this new technology and its usage by the staff posed a threat to their job by this new technology. 2.2 Resistance to Change Skarlicki (1999, p. 36) has defined resistance to change as, employee behaviour that seeks to challenge, disrupt, or invert prevailing assumptions, discourses, and power relations. Deloitte and Touche has carried out a study of 400 companies about the resistance to change which is cited by Prochaska (2001). They found out that resistance to change causes the change process to fail or not completing. Hauschildt (1999) carried out a study of 151 companies in Germany which concludes that the resistance or opposition to innovation in these companies benefitted the organisations. This benefit includes the criticism of the new system by pointing out the defects of the system which is a way forward for organisations to improve it. Employees by pointing out defects in the new system get more involved in the organisations. Proctor and Doukakis (2002, p. 268) point out that resistance to a change could be because employees fear the new change will put their job safety at risk, or they fear of unknown, or it might be the lack of information and knowledge about the advantages attached to this change. Another example of innovation in organisations and its effects is the Bemmels and Reshef study in 1991 which is cited by Zwick (2002). Bemels and Reshef studied 206 Canadian companies which introduced innovation over a specific period, and found out that the employees generally accepted and supported the innovations, but it was resisted from personnel just because of the presence of Union and the technological advancement clauses in the employees contract. Another main concern of employees regarding innovations in organisation is that it could lead to the reduction in staff. Effective innovations could cut down the staff in the organisations. 2.3 Biometric System A biometric system is an automatic system which requires the physical characteristics of a user to recognise him/her. These physical characteristics could be finger prints, hand prints, facial expressions or iris pattern of eyes. According to Braghin (1998), the biometric system performs authentication process in two different stages. 1: Enrolling stage In this stage a specific biometrics characteristics is given to the system data base which could be located centrally or distributed. The scanning of the biometrics is performed, and then the system creates a digital representation called template, which is then recorded into the data base. This process is performed only once. 2: Identification stage In this stage the system scans the biometric characteristics and then creates an optimized digital representation, which it then matches to the template to identify the person. Biometric system is a new technology which also brings issues that are linked to this system. Braghin (1998) depicts that a biometric system is not good at handling problems. If someones template is stolen, the system cant provide any help for that. These are the characteristics of a person which is not easy to get back if lost and biometric system is not helpful in order to deal with the problem. It is not like a password which you can change. So it means if you lose it, you lose it forever. Advantages of biometrics OGorman (2003, p. 2037) highlights the advantage of the biometric as, the details are hard to get stolen of a user using the system as compared to other authentication system, like ATM. The token system which stores the identity of a user should also be a used by a user as a second option to make it more secure against stealing and thefts of the details. 2.4 Change Management Kotter and Schlesinger (2008, p. 4) have explained how to diagnose resistance (2008, p. 4) caused by the change. They point out that every change brings some human resistance to the change process. In order to deal with the resistance it is important to find out about the causes of potential resistance. By analysing the situation managers can come across the factors of resistance when the change is being introduced. 1: Parochial self interest People can be resistant to change because they feel less concerned about the organisation and see their interests coming first before the interest of the organisation. 2: Misunderstanding and lack of trust Misunderstanding can develop among employees if they dont understand the implications of the change. Or if they perceive it wrongly. It is essential for change to be effective that all employees understand the change process and its implications, and for managers or change agents to interact with employees to clear potential misunderstandings. 3: Different assessment Employees could assess the change differently than the change agent or managers due to lack of information. Because both the employees and the change agent think that the information that they have is right and they assume about each other of having the same information. So it is very important that both the change agent and employees have up to date information because otherwise this could lead to resistance. 4: Low Tolerance Sometimes it is very hard for people to give up their old habits or working style which they are used to. For example, if the implemented change requires some new skill and behaviours and employees are not catching up with those behaviours or skills it would be problematic. 5: Old beliefs People are reluctant to change because they dont want to be disturbed in their daily routine. For example an employee working 9 am to 5 pm shift, who is required to change shift from 3 pm to 11 pm two days a week will be resisting because it will disturb his/her daily routine. Kotter and Schlesinger (2008, p. 6) have suggested several ways of how to deal with resistance when it emerges as a reaction to change. 1: Communication Communicating about the desired change could really be helpful as it will make employees to embrace the change. Communication both with individuals and to a group is very essential as employees want to know about activities in the organisation. If the employees are put in dark about their organisation they feel a sense of ignorance. All sources like audio or video can be used to communicate. 2: Support Organisations can offer training about new skills or support to the employees where the managers find the employees are struggling to overcome resistance. This training can be in the organisation or out of the organisation as well. 3: Involvement Employees involvement in designing and implementation of the change process is another way to stop resisting powers being emerged. Involvement of employees will make employees feel that they are a value to the organisation. 4: Negotiation Negotiation is a way to offer benefits to resistors to accept the change. Its a process of luring the employees who are resisting. For example negotiations could involve dealing with unions as offering them pay rise in the lieu of acceptance of change. Negotiations are an expensive way of dealing with resistance as the change initiator has to give something to resistors for the acceptance of the change. The disadvantage of the negotiations is that people who take part in the negotiation process could use it as blackmailing. 5: Manipulation or Co-optation This process is also called Co-optation, when employees who are potential resistors are given an attractive role of their choice to involve them in the change process. This is not considered as participation of employees because the employee who is co-opted, his/her advice doesnt mean much to the change initiators. 6: Coercion Here the employees dont have many choices as if they dont accept the change they are threatened or warned of taking disciplinary action against them or being fired or by stopping their promotion. In this way they would worry about their job security and would show the acceptance of the new changed system. Caluwe and Vermaak (1994, p. 49) explain that the change process is a step by step process of learning. It cant be enforced on someone as it takes time and learning cant be enforced. According to Bovey and Hede (2001) change in an organisation is often implemented in a way that the whole process of planning and implementation takes all the time and the human factor who will be dealing with this change after implementation is ignored. They argued that the consideration of a new system and its rationalization for the company gets importance leaving behind the people who will be affected by this new system. Aladwani (2001, p. 268) gives a comparison of marketing and implementing an information system based change. He holds the view that both marketing and implementing change in the organization are change processes and reflect the exchange process between two parties. Therefore, as the marketing policies and procedures are developed and communicated, organizations should communicate with their employees for the required results and to overcome the resistance to change. In marketing these communications are between seller and buyer, while in an organisation it should be between employer (the person who is brining the change) and the employees who are getting affected by this change. The above literature has discussed about introduction of staff attendance measurement in organisations and related issues, biometric system and related human-resource issues, and finally change management. Kotters(1996)Change management model Create sense of urgency Create a guiding coalition Develop a vision and strategy Communicate the vision for change Empower broad-based action Generate short-term wins Consolidate gains and produce change Anchor new approaches Source: Kotter 1996 Kotters model (1996) is the 8 phase change management model which deals with the change through a systematic way. It takes the top down approach from creating a sense of urgency to anchoring change in the culture. It produces good results by dealing with the resistance issues caused by the change. Kotters model deals with the resistance in the best way for smooth implementation of change. Although this model has met with a lot of criticism as in its step 5 encourages risk taking and not traditional ideas and activities, and change in the structure of organization but Kotter explains that it is the essential part of the organizational change. As he explains that the structure which undermines the change vision by becoming a hurdle needs to be rid off. Kotters model is focused on communicating the vision to employees and provides good guidance. I like to use Kotters model for my research because it is a systematic method, a top down approach and is more effective than other models. It deals with the issues of resistance properly. Chapter 3. Conceptual Framework The literature review in Chapter 2 is a critical activity resulting in a conceptual framework. This research will use the change model of Kotter (1996) as a conceptual model. It is assumed that the eight phases proposed by Kotter are a useful model to compare the change at the case company. The following table shows in an exemplary way how the phases of change at the Co-Operative can be mapped on Kotters eight phases. Phases of Change at the Co-Operative 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Create sense of urgency 2. Create a guiding coalition 3. Develop a vision and strategy 4. Communicate the vision for change 5. Empower broad-based action 6. Generate short-term wins 7. Consolidate gains and produce change 8. Anchor new approaches Table 1: Mapping Change at the Co-Operative on Kotters Leadership Steps Source: Kotter 1996 Each of the eight phases has its own dynamics and challenges. For example, in the first phase, organisations need to look at the competitive market, trends are traditions which need to be updated, profit margins to start the change process, if enough urgency is not established there is a risk of process to fail. The 2nd phase is appointing a team to carry out the change process together energetically. Then comes the 3rd phase which is about the development of proper vision and strategy to implement the change. It is about, where would the change lead to and how. The 4th phase is about communication of the vision to all employees by interaction. The 5th phase is to remove barriers which are obstructing the process of change. The 6th phase is about bringing more improvement in the performance, and rewarding the employees who maintain the required standards. The 7th phase is about producing more change by promoting the employees or hiring new one to carry out the change process with more determination and persistence and the final one is about to make the change permanently stick to the organisation. These phases will be tested to analyse the change process which Co-operative food has carried out by comparing the eight phases of Kotters model. Kotter (2007, p, 99). All the phases of the model from establishing a sense of urgency, Kotter 2007, p,97) to anchoring change in the culture (2007, p,103) will be compared to find out, have they been taken into the account for successful change at the case study company. Chapter 4. Research Design A deductive case study approach will be applied for this research. This case study is deductive because it uses existing concepts in the field of change management and theory about resistance caused by the introduction of new staff attendance control system. Furthermore a qualitative case study will help to attain insights and detailed viewpoints of the employees and managers. Yin (2003) suggests using a case study approach when How and why questions are being addressed and it tells about what could be extracted from a single situation. According to Bryman (2001) case study approach is used for in depth findings and to associate it with the theory. A case study approach is suitable for the interpretation of this subject because it will investigate the change management processes in the organisation by the help of existing theory of Kotters model in the case study organisation. Qualitative approach I intend to use a deductive qualitative approach for this case study. Bryman (2001) highlights the characteristics of the qualitative approach as dealing with issues by exploring them, e.g. through counter questions to understand the phenomenon. Kaplan and Maxwell (1994) give a briefing of qualitative approach that it is the study of a particular situation by exploring peoples attitude in which they react by means of interviewing, observing or documenting rather than by a data of numbers. As this research is about the perception of employees about this change, the philosophy that will be used in this research will be constructivist. This philosophy has been selected because I intend to test the Kotters model of change management in Co-operative case study. Chapter 5. Methodology For this research, the following case study organisation was chosen: the Hackney Branch, London, of the Co-Operative Food unit of Co-operative Group Limited, Manchester/UK. Furthermore employees and managers are accessible for interviews that are essential for accomplishment of the study. Data will be collected with the help of semi structured interviews by mono method. Semi structured interviews are flexible in approach, and are good in finding the insights of peoples. An understanding will be developed in the perspective of employees natural settings, about perceiving change in the organization by employees, their behaviour towards this change, and their thinking about change management practices in the organisation to minimize the effect of this change. I have talked already with the local branch managers, and they have told about their interest to take part in this research. An official letter will be written to the case company when the research starts, e.g. in September 2010. The interviews will be conducted after the work is assigned or the proposal for the research is accepted in the Hackney branch of Co-operative food. Interviews will be conducted by asking all type of questions like open question, Probing or specific questions, closed questions to cover all the aspects of the aim and objectives of the research. Employees will be asked about their point of view about change, their participation, experience and effects of the change on them. Moreover a comparison to Kotters change model will be developed by looking into eight phases of the model. Pattern matching technique will be used to analyse the data. Because I am using Kotters conceptual framework for this research, I will test the adequacy of the Kotters framework to reveal the findings. Pattern matching is the method which involves two variations, depending on the dependent and independent variables. In the first variation we relate the proposition from the relative literature to the results of data collection and analysis. If it matches to the predictions then we confirm the theory. At this moment the researcher has no pre defined variables, but when the work is assigned. If one or more outcomes that have not been predicted by the explanation, there is a need to seek an alternative one. (Yin, 2003) In the second variation the variables are independent of each other. Here we put forward a number of alternative explanations to explain the pattern of outcomes that we expect to find. When the predicted explanation matches with the pattern of outcomes it provides evidence that it is indeed an explanation of the findings. The method will be chosen when the work is assigned after the acceptance of proposal. 5.1 Limitations This research will set its limits by contacting Co-operative Food employees in the case study organisation, Co-operative Food which is a supermarket or a retail industry in the Hackney branch London. The employees contacted will belong to the Co-operative. Therefore the findings of this research can not be generalised outside the case study organisation. 5.2 Ethics The ethical issues involved in this research could be the fear of employees about their names being used in this research. If the employees dont understand the purpose and aim of the research, it is also an ethical issue. Employees could also have discomfort or stress in answering the questions. Employees will be provided the information about the purpose of this research, and its aims, and the issue of anonymity that that their names will be kept anonymous if they wish. The data collected will be used by the consent of the employees. I will inform the employees by speaking to them about their right to withdraw from the interviews and also about withdrawing their permission to use this data before I finish the interview. The collected data will be analysed by the researcher and the dissertation will be submitted by honest means. 5.3 Resources The resources that will be used to conduct semi structured interviews are audio and video equipment. Before conducting the interviews I will get the consent of employees. Should there be any rejections about being recorded, then I will make notes of the interviews. 5.4 Transcription I will document the interviews in text processing files with interview numbers, like 01ME, and 02FE, and so on, where 01 represents 1st interview and M is for male, F is for female and E is for employee. RQ1, and RQ2 will be used for myself representing the first and second of the researchers questions and MEA1 or FEA 2 would be used for male employee answer 1 and female employee answer 2 respectively. 6 Appendix 6.1 Time Table Gantt chart for a research project Activity September October November December January week number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Review Literature Meeting with supervisor Read Methodology Literature Data Collection Analysing data Enter data in computer Update literature reading Complete the remaining part Submit to supervisor Revise the work Holidays Print, bind Submit