A Critique of the Article Progressive Resistance Exercise...

Critical Review Objective The objective of this work is to write a critique of the article entitled Progressive Resistance Exercise in Physical Therapy: A Summary of Systematic Reviews and to answer questions relating to the methods, measures and assessments as well as to examine what is missing in the research and whether claims are understated and the limitations to the research. Introduction Progressive resistance exercise (PRE) is reported as a method of increasing the ability of muscles to generate force. (Taylor, Dodd, and Damiano, 2005, p.1208) It is however reported that the efficacy and safety of PRE for clients in physical therapy are unknown. (Taylor, Dodd, and Damiano, 2005, paraphrased) Taylor, Dodd, and Damiano state three principles of PRE, which are stated as follows: (1) performing a small number of repetitions until feeling fatigued; (2) allowing enough rest between exercises for the individual to feel recovered; and (3) increasing the resistance as the ability of the individual to generate force grows. (2005, p.1209) I. Examination of Study Objective and Design The American College of Sports Medicine is reported to make recommendations of loads that correspond to between eight and twelve maximum repetitions in one to three sets and for two to three days per week. It is reported that PRE has been typically used by healthy young athletes but it is stated that PRE has shown potential health benefits for the entire community and specifically in theShow MoreRelatedEvidence Based Practice4004 Words   |  17 Pageson which one provides better evidence based on their design (Evans, 2003). This reflects different types of research designs to distinguish ones that are susceptible to bias to ones that have sound results [National Health Service (NHS) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 1996]. Mulhall (2002) and Hanberg amp; Brown (2006) cite the gap between research and practice and how it can be implemented. In order for EBP to work, adjustments to attitudes, values and work behaviour have to be made (McCluskeyRead MoreChange Management49917 Words   |  200 Pages Organisational Development And Change The Importance of Change One can try to predict the future. However, predictions produce at best a blurred picture of what might be, not a blueprint of future events or circumstances. The effective and progressive management of change can assist in shaping a future which may better serve the enterprise’s survival prospects. Change will not disappear or dissipate. Technology, civilizations and creative thought will maintain their ever accelerating drive onwardsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPrinciples of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus IndianapolisRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBehavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 RespondingRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesManagement Studies, Keele University, UK An unusually rich and deep philosophical book on organization theory with several new thinkers and ideas. Pedagogically a well-structured book with many clear learning objectives, cases, examples and good summaries for every chapter. Professor Martin Lindell, Hanken Business School, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland Thi s book makes it easier to understand the current stand of organization theory. I strongly recommend it to anyoneRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesindices, and then compiled into one figure to measure overall bank performance. Executives believe that their emphasis on HR activities has contributed significantly to the Bank of Montreal’s achieving period profits for seven years in a row. In summary, it is evident that the transition of HR management at GE Fanuc and at Bank of Montreal has enhanced organizational competitiveness and success.1 4 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment â€Å" HR should be defined not by whatRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesLevels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity IssuesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesneglect. The fact that the most recent phase of the human experience is usually covered only at the end of a multiterm sequence of world history units has meant that it often ends up becoming a rushed add-on of rather random, abbreviated capsule summaries and general overviews. In view of the fact that no phase of history can begin to match the twentieth century in terms of the extent to which it has shaped the contemporary world, this marginalization is particularly pernicious and has been at times

Was Caesar a Good Leader Free Essays

Julius Caesar was born on July 12, 100 BC in Rome. He was a great leader of the Roman Empire. Some people believe that Caesar wasn’t a great leader or man. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Caesar a Good Leader? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Experts say he was greedy and a megalomaniac. They also say that he bribed the people to love him and he cheated the system. Other experts say he was a great leader because he was for the Roman people unlike previous leaders. I believe that Caesar was a great leader for the Roman people because he created reforms to help the people, created a new government, and changed the course of history. Caesar was very helpful to the people when he took over. He created many solid reforms to give the people what they needed. He won people over by creating them. Some of the reforms he created were tax reforms in Asia and Sicily, allowing captured people to become citizens, and giving free food to the poor. The tax reforms in Asia and Sicily were made because â€Å"both had suffered from avaricious governors and tax-collectors. (Seindal 2003) This put Caesar at an advantage because this reform got people in other places to like him better. Caesar allowed people that he captured while he was fighting to become citizens throughout his dictatorship. This helped the Roman Empire prosper because it had many different abilities and trades coming in with all the different people. Finally, Caesar gave food to the poor. He didn’t ration it. He just gave it out to them. This meant that people that couldn’t get their own food could have it very easily. How to cite Was Caesar a Good Leader?, Essay examples

Julius Caesar Brutus Is A Honorable Man Essay Example For Students

Julius Caesar: Brutus Is A Honorable Man Essay In Shakespeares play of Caesar Brutus is a conspirator who portraysa person who favors a republic for Rome. Brutus is an honorable man. Manycharacters in the play show there reverence for Brutus. Brutus exemplifieshis honor in many ways. Brutus is obsequious when he is needed to abet hisfellow romans. Brutus is an honorable man. Am I entreated to Speak and Strike? ORome I make thee promise, If the redress will follow, then receivest thyfull petition at the hand of Brutus (Shakespeare 397). Brutus will obey towhatever the romans convey to him. Consequently, Brutus joins theconspiracy inorder to help the romans rid rome of Caesar. Brutus alsounderstands that he is putting it all on the line for his romans, thereforeBrutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a scrupulous man, whose virtues endure. No not an oath, Ifnot by the face of men, the sufferance of our souls, the times abuse-Ifthese motives be weak, break off betimes, and every men hence to his idlebed; So let high sighted tyranny rage on, till each man drop by lottery(Shakespeare 399). Brutus said that if the conspirators do not join for acommon cause, then there is no need for an oath because the conspiratorsare self-righteous, and they are serving the romans. If the conspiratorsdont bind together, then each man will go his own way, become a weakling,and die when it suits the tyrants caprice. Brutus is advocates peace,freedom and liberty, for all romans, which shows that Brutus is analtruistic as well as an honorable man. Brutus also had a compassion for Caesar when he had killed Caesar. Ifthen that a friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is myanswer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more(Shakespeare 421). Brutus had honored Caesar but Brutus felt that Caesarwas to ambitious. Brutus also felt that Caesar made the romans as slaves. Therefore, Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a noble man who was revered by many. Brutus had joined theconspiracy because he had the desire to help the commoners. He was afollower of idealism, where the romans would possess peace, liberty andfreedom. Brutus wanted the kill Caesar, because he believed that all of thepeople of Rome would eventually be slaves, thus Brutus resorted to theassassination if Caesar. Brutus is a honorable man.

Sack Sentence Completion Test free essay sample

Plano Clark combine the latest thinking about mixed methods research designs with practical, step-by-step guidelines for the decisions that researchers face when designing and conducting a mixed methods research study. 2. Title of the BookDoing a Successful Research Project: Using qualitative or quantitative Methods Author/sDavies, Martin Brett PublisherMacmillan Place of PublicationBasingstoke: Palgrave, USA Year of Publication2007 AnnotationIt offers an accessible, even-handed introduction to carrying out research methods for undergraduate and postgraduate students conducting a research project for the first time. The research processfrom planning, through design and implementation, to completionis described simply and succinctly, with the emphasis throughout on good preparation. 3. Title of the BookTechnical Writing: Process and Product (5th Edition) Author/sGerson, Sharon J. and Gerson, Steven M PublisherPrentice Hall; Place of PublicationUS Year of Publication2005 AnnotationGuides readers through the entire writing process—prewriting, writing, and rewriting—developing an easy to-use, step-by-step technique for writing the types of documents they will encounter on the job. We will write a custom essay sample on Sack Sentence Completion Test or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The authors reader-friendly style engages readers in the writing process and encourages hands-on application. 4. Title of the BookResearch Methodology: A Step By Step Guide For Beginners, 2/E AuthorKumar PublisherPearson Education Place of PublicationIndia Year of Publication2005 AnnotationPractical Step-By-Step Approach provides students with a strong framework of methods and procedures used in both quantitative and qualitative research. 5. Title of the BookUnderstanding research methods: an overview of the essentials AuthorMildred L. Patten PublisherPyrczak Publishing Place of PublicationUniversity of Michigan, USA Year of Publication1997; Digitized 28 Aug 2010 6. Title of the BookResearch Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach, 3rd Ed. AuthorSherri L. Jackson Publisher Cengage Learning Place of PublicationUSA Year of Publication2008 AnnotationSuccessfully illustrates the integration between statistics and research methods by demonstrating the ways to use statistics in analyzing data collected during research. 7. Title of the BookResearch Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2nd Ed. AuthorC. R. Kothari Publisher New Age International Place of PublicationNew Delhi, India Year of Publication2009 AnnotationProvides the basic tenets of Methodological Research. It contains introductory explanations of several quantitative methods in wide use in the social sciences. 8. Title of BookUniversal Methods of Design: 100 Ways to Research Complex Problems, Develop Innovative Ideas, and Design Effective Solutions AuthorsBruce Hanington, Bella Martin PublisherRockport Publishers Place of PublicationUSA Year of Publication2012 AnnotationCompiles and summarizes 100 of the most widely applicable and effective methods of design—research, analysis, and ideation—the methods that every graduate of a design program should know, and every professional designer should employ. Methods are concisely presented, accompanied by information about the origin of the technique, key research supporting the method, and visual examples. 9. Title of BookResearch Design and Methods: A Process Approach AuthorsKenneth Bordens, Bruce Barrington Abbott PublisherMcGraw-Hill Place of PublicationUSA Year of Publication2010 AnnotationGuides students through the research process, from conceiving of and developing a research idea, to designing and conducting a study, to analyzing and reporting data. The authors present students with information on the numerous decisions they must make when designing and conducting research and indicate how their early decisions affect how data are collected, analyzed, and interpreted later in the research process. A focus on the importance of ethical conduct, both in the treatment of research subjects and in the reporting of research results, directs the text. 10. Title of BookQualitative Communication Research Methods AuthorsThomas (Tom) R. Lindlof, Bryan C. (Copeland) Taylor PublisherSage Publications Place of PublicationLondon Year of Publication 2010 AnnotationIt introduces readers to every step of the qualitative research process, from developing research topics and questions, through writing a final report. In addition to covering the theories and methods currently used in qualitative communication research, the authors also discuss important trends influencing the future of that research. List of Books in Methods of Research (Psychology) . Title of BookMethodological Issues and Strategies in Clinical Research (4th edn) AuthorKazdin, A. E. PublisherAmerican Psychological Association Place of PublicationWashington DC, USA Year of Publication2002 AnnotationRather than a textbook, this is a comprehensive reader of articles concerned with research in the area of psychology in general and clinical psychology in particular. Chosen for their ge neral application and non-technical, readable style, this is a really good book for dipping into at all stages of the research process. 2. Title of BookHandbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology (2nd Ed. ) AuthorKendall, P. C. , Butcher, J. N. amp; Holmbeck, G. N. PublisherWiley Place of PublicationUSA Year of Publication1999 AnnotationVoluminous and up-to-date handbook of research methods in clinical psychology. Thorough treatment of general issues in clinical research (e. g. ethical issues, statistical issues and cross-cultural issues), detailed expositions of assessment and outcome measurement methods and methodological issues in clinical research, chapters on issues involved in researching particular populations (e. . children, older adults) and a useful introductory chapter on meta-analytic research methods 3. Title of BookResearch Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology AuthorDavid F. Marks amp; Lucy Yardley PublisherSage Place of PublicationLondon Year of Publication(2004) AnnotationThis textbook offers an excellent introduction to the variety of research methods used within the fields of clinical and health psychology. The book provides a detailed, yet concise, explanation of both qualitative and quantitative approaches and draws upon case-study examples to illustrate how these can be used in a variety of health-care settings, with special relevance to clinical disorders, disease prevention and health promotion. 4. Title of BookResearch Methods in Psychology (3rd edn). AuthorBreakwell, G. M. , Hammond, S. , Fife-Schaw, C. , amp; Smith, J. A. PublisherSage. Place of PublicationLondon Year of Publication2006 AnnotationA comprehensive round-up of different quantitative and qualitative research methods. . Title of BookResearch Methods in Clinical Psychology: An Introduction for Students and Practitioners (2nd edn). AuthorBarker, C. , Pistrang, N. amp; Elliot, R. PublisherWiley Place of PublicationUSA Year of Publication2002 AnnotationAll-round introductory text covering contextual and background issues, research design and to a lesser extent statistical analysis for practitioner-researchers. 6. Title o f BookResearch Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology AuthorMarks, D. , amp; Yardley, L. PublisherSage Place of PublicationLondon Year of Publication2004 AnnotationBroad multi-author text, with emphasis on conducting research in health settings with qualitative content and thematic analysis. 7. Title of BookAdvanced Research Methods in Psychology AuthorGiles, D. C PublisherRoutledge Place of PublicationLondon Year of Publication2002 AnnotationAttempts to cover a wide range of advanced statistical and qualitative techniques, with readable step-by-step guides to carrying out some of the more difficult statistical tests. 8. Title of BookEvaluating, Doing and Writing Research in Psychology Author/sPhilip Bell, Phillip Staines amp; Joel Michell PublisherUNSW Press Place of PublicationAustralia Year of Publication2001 AnnotationA guide to evaluating statements, arguments and a range of different psychological explanations; chapters on the interpretation and evaluation of data and evidence, understanding weaknesses in psychological argument, and measurement and numerical reasoning; and chapters on doing a literature review, writing up essays and projects, and reporting observational studies. 9. Title of BookResearch Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (4th Ed. ) AuthorStangor, C. PublisherHoughton Mifflin Place of PublicationBoston, MA, USA Year of Publication2010 AnnotationAppropriate for social science students, this text offers comprehensive coverage of both experimental and non-experimental methods. The author provides succinct explanations for a full range of methods, including descriptive, correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental research designs. Practical tips and applications integrated throughout the text allow students to make real-world connections that encourage them to master the material. 10. Title of BookEssentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis (3rd Ed. ) AuthorRosenthal, R. , amp; Rosnow, R. L. PublisherMcGraw-Hill. Place of Publication New York, USA Year of Publication2008 AnnotationThe only comprehensive treatment of methods and data analysis, this classic advanced undergraduate/graduate text in research methods requires statistics as a prerequisite. The first half of the text concentrates on research methods and the second half introduces students to advanced statistical procedures. List of Theses (Psychology) 1. Title  of ThesisAn Exploration of Age Effects on a Memory Plus Visuomotor Dual Task Paradigm ResearcherGemmell, Alison School  The University of Edinburgh, UK Year Defended2010 FindingsSeveral studies have described a dual task deficit in patients with dementia, which does not occur in healthy ageing. Attempts to create a dual task suitable for clinical use have encountered various problems, and have led to the development of a dual task which employs a digit recall memory task concurrently with a visuo-motor tapping task, using a specially designed Fitts’ Law Box. To explore the age effects associated with, and effectiveness of, this dual task, and to investigate its suitability for clinical use, 24 healthy elderly and 25 healthy young participants were assessed on two conditions using the dual task apparatus and several tests of executive function and memory. In contrast to previous dual task studies, a significant effect of age was found on both dual task conditions, as well as the measures of executive function and memory. These findings suggest that the dual task is unsuitable for clinical use. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, along with suggestions of modifications for the Fitts’ Law Box. 2. Title of ThesisThe Impact of Interview Style and Timing of Expert Testimony on Mock Jurors’ Perceptions of Child Sexual Abuse Interviews ResearcherKayla Burd Year Defended2010 SchoolHofstra University, New York, USA FindingsThis study investigated the relationships between forensic interview styles of alleged child sexual abuse victims and timing of expert testimony regarding forensic interviewing on mock jury reasoning and decision making. It examined whether college-aged participants, individually tested as mock jurors in a hypothetical court case of abuse, can determine the difference in effectiveness between two styles of interview. It employed a 2 (Interview Style: good vs. bad interview) x 3 (Expert Testimony: none, educational testimony before all other testimony, educational testimony after all other testimony) factorial design. In the good interview condition, participants were presented with a written interview in which a non-coercive interviewer carefully asks open-ended questions to elicit a child’s account. In the bad interview condition of this variable, by contrast, the interviewer elicited an account through use of closed-ended directive and leading questions. The second variable investigates whether reading a transcript of expert testimony results in different judgments of witness credibility and defendant guilt, and varies the time of introduction of the testimony. Participants read a trial summary and witness testimony and then answered questions concerning child witness credibility, expert credibility, and verdict regarding the case. Conviction rates were not dependent upon interview quality or timing of the expert witness. The expert witness was rated more credible, convincing, and helpful following bad interviews and the child was rated more convincing in good versus bad interviews. 3. Title of ThesisAn Exploration of Motor Abilities in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developing a test of imitation that is not confounded by motor abilities ResearcherKenny, Lorcan SchoolThe University of Edinburgh, UK Year Defended 2011 Findings An investigation of motor abilities using the Movement Assessment Battery (MABC-2) for Children showed that a sample of 10 adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders are more impaired on gross whole-body type movements compared to a control sample of 20 typically developing adults. However, the MABC-2 and the clinical kinematic assessment tool found no reliable difference between the two groups on fine motor dexterity. An imitation task was devised requiring participants to imitate movements from videos shown on screen. Participants were required to imitate shapes (a) drawn by a model and (b) drawn by a moving dot in. A 2 x 2 between subjects MANOVA was employed to determine if the correlation of the path length, time and speed of the shape produced by each participant with those produced by the model differed across group or condition. Another 2 x 2 between subjects MANOVA was used to explore if the constant or variable error of path length, time, or speed of participants differed across condition or group. There were no significant main or interaction effects. 4. Title of ThesisA Quantitative and Qualitative Study of Barack Obama’s Facebook Fans ResearcherBraun, Katrina SchoolGeorgetown University, Washington DC Year Defended2012 FindingsThis study sought to paint a picture of the group of Obama Facebook fans by investigating the interactions between their political activities on Facebook, their political activities offline, and the activities and opinions of their friends. The quantitative and qualitative data collected in the study yielded some significant and interesting trends. Obama Facebook fans were, in general, a moderately to strongly politically involved group; even those who said that politics was less important to them had voted, which significant numbers of Americans routinely do not do. Participants felt real connections to Obama, though many said that this connection was casual, particularly as it was expressed through Facebook. Results support the findings of Vitak et al. (2010) that Facebook political activity is fairly common among college students and that political activity in general is predicted by online political activity and friends’ political activity. As increasingly large numbers of people integrate Facebook into their social lives, this could certainly have implications for political participation in coming decades. 5. Title of ThesisWhite matter integrity and visual short-term memory binding in familial Alzheimers Disease ResearcherHeikkila, Heini SchoolThe University of Edinburgh, UK Year Defended 2011 Findings The asymptomatic phase of familial Alzheimer’s disease caused by E280A mutation in presenilin-1 gene is characterized by intact performance in traditional neuropsychological tasks including memory, language, and executive functions. However, asymptomatic mutation carriers are already impaired in tasks that require visual short-term memory binding. Meanwhile, neuropathological changes in white matter integrity take place during the course of familial Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated whether the behavioural short-term memory binding deficits are accompanied by changes in white matter integrity in asymptomatic and clinical phases of familial Alzheimer’s disease. Three groups asymptomatic carriers of presenilin-1 gene mutation, familial Alzheimer’s disease patients, and healthy controls underwent an assessment consisting of a neuropsychological test battery, two visual short-term memory binding tasks, and diffusion tensor imaging. Group comparisons indicated changes in white matter integrity in familial Alzheimer’s disease patients and to smaller extent already in asymptomatic carriers. Higher performance in visual shape-colour binding task was related to higher white matter integrity in frontal areas, and higher performance in visual colour-colour binding task was related to higher white matter integrity in frontal and parietal areas. Thus, we demonstrate the early changes in white matter integrity already in asymptomatic phase of familial Alzheimer’s disease. These changes become more widespread in the course of the disease. In addition, impaired performance in visual short-term memory binding tasks is accompanied by changes in white matter integrity which might implicate loss of connectivity. The results help to shed light on the neural underpinnings of familial Alzheimer’s disease and might lead to development of new methods for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. 6. Title of Thesis The Impact of Father Absence on Adolescent Romantic Relationship Ideals ResearcherHorne, Melissa SchoolGeorgetown University, Washington DC Year Defended 2011 Abstract:Previous literature has addressed the impact of father absence on adolescents’ sexual development and behavior but has neglected to explore youth’s motivations and attitudes towards romantic relationships. This study xamined the association between the duration of father absence and adolescents’ romantic relationship ideals of commitment, sex, and pregnancy within a romantic relationship. It further focused on any differences between genders. Findings based on data from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=18,849) showed that adolescents whose fathers were always absent had different romantic relationship ideals than those whose fathers were never absent: they desired a lower level of commitment to their partner and wanted to engage in riskier behaviors, such as sex and pregnancy, outside a committed relationship. Moreover, boys were more impacted by father absence than girls with regards to their desires for commitment and sexual activity, while girls wanted less commitment within a relationship overall than boys. These findings suggest that earlier interventions with youth, before adolescents initiate risky sexual behaviors, and interventions that target romantic ideals rather than sexual behavior may more successfully prevent risky sexual behavior. 7. Title of ThesisA Typology of Retaliation Strategies Against Social Aggression Among Adolescent Girls ResearcherKari Phelan Year Defended2008 SchoolWittenburg University, Ohio USA FindingsThe objective of this study was twofold (1) to examine which socially aggressive topics were most provocative and (2) to develop a typology for retaliation against social aggression. These concepts were analyzed through qualitative interviews with a sample 15 girls, ages 10-16. The following socially aggressive topic themes were categorized in terms of frequency (from most to least): identity attacks, destabilization, boyfriend jealousy, family, insecurities, and secret exposure. Retaliation behaviors, including truth coalition, face-to-face confrontation, faux confrontation, cancel the friendship, gossip, cold shoulder, physical violence, rumors, nonverbal cues, picking teams, and specialized torture were found to be either methods of social leveling or payback. These results are the first to continue the examination of social aggression in terms of self-communication and the communication process. Results suggest that the kind of retaliation exhibited to these provocative topics depends considerably on context. ncluding the extent to which boys are involved, socioeconomic status of parties involved, proof of wrongdoing, and extent to which a party feels the need to save face. Results also suggest significant implications regarding low socioeconomic status. that cultural, ethnic, and racial differences are confounded with socioeconomic status to the point that cultural, ethnic, and racial traits can become shared with those of differing groups if low socioec onomic status is shared. 8. Title of ThesisParental Divorce, Parent-Child Conflict, and College Student Well-Being ResearcherAbigail Sjostrom Year Defended2008 SchoolWittenburg University, Ohio USA FindingsThis study examined the effects of parental divorce and parent-child conflict on college students depressive symptoms, eating behavior, and alcohol use. It was hypothesized that students from divorced homes would experience more depressive symptoms, disordered eating, and alcohol use than students from intact families. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in symptomology between students from divorced homes and students from intact homes. Correlations were conducted between conflict with mothers and fathers and measures of symptomology. The highest correlations were for conflict with mother and drive for thinness among males and conflict with father and bulimia among males. 9. Title of ThesisRelationships Among Maternal Achievement Motive and Anxiety and Children’s Academic Performance and Anxiety Levels ResearcherNicole Friedman Year Defended2005 SchoolHofstra University, New York, USA FindingsMaternal achievement motivation and anxiety were evaluated in relation to fourth graders’ performance on the English Language Arts Exam (ELA) and the children’s anxiety. Forty-eight mother-child dyads were tested, with mothers completing the Motivational Trait Questionnaire (MTQ), the State Trait Anxiety Inventory trait anxiety scale (STAI-C2) and a demographics survey. Children took a practice New York State English Language Arts Exam and the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). Positive correlations were expected among maternal MTQ, maternal STAI-C2 and children’s RCMAS scores. Negative correlations were expected for above variables with ELA scores. Data support the relationship between maternal MTQ and STAI-C2. ELA scores were positively correlated with MTQ scores and no correlations were found among STAI-C2, RCMAS, and ELA scores. A post-hoc analysis among STAI-C2 and subscale scores of the RCMAS suggests that a closer examination of the relationships amongst the variables of maternal anxiety, child anxiety and ELA performance is warranted. As much relies on the interpretation of ELA scores, further research regarding influences on child performance as well as the usefulness of the ELA in general are necessary. 10. Title of ThesisIntelligence, Childhood Behaviour, and Locus of Control: Effects on Intergenerational Social Mobility Researchervon Stumm, Sophie M R SchoolUniversity of Edinburgh, UK Year Defended2007 FindingsIn a sample of 3,788 men from the British Cohort Study 1970, predictors of intergenerational social mobility were examined. Logistic regression models confirmed previous research outcomes: parental social class, intelligence, and educational qualifications significantly contributed to status attainment at the age of 30. In addition, childhood behavioural disturbance, extracted from teacher ratings at children’s age of 10, and locus of control were identified as influential factors. Subsequently, a structural equation model was fitted, which extends pervious findings. Locus of control and behavioural disturbance mediated effects of intelligence on education and status attainment. However, both predictors were less affected by parental social class. Overall, educational qualifications were most predictive of social mobility, mediating effects of parental social class, intelligence, locus of control and childhood behaviour on own social class at age 30.

Ants1 essays

Ants1 essays There are more then 10,000 species of ants and they all share the same common traits. The traits that they share are three body sections. The body sections are the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains a relatively large brain. It also had the eyes, antennae, and the mandibles (which are shaped differently depending on the ant). The antennae are what an ant uses to smell, touch, taste, and detect movement. The next part of the ants body is the thorax. This part of the body has small holes that allow ants uses to breath through. Another opening produces a chemical that kills germs. On this body section there are six legs and small claws that allow ants to carry up to 20 times there own weight. The last body section is the abdomen. This section leaves trails of chemicals, which are also made in this section, that are used to communicate. Each type of ant leaves there own kind of chemical. The chemical tells other ants where food is, it lets ants know that there are enemies arou nd, it tells aunts where the nest is, and many other things. Ants have been around since the dinosaurs. Scientist feel that a long time ago aunts began to produce babies in large amounts. The babies would grow up and live near by; soon the babies and their families wold come and live with the parents forming colonies. A colony is an organized community. All ants in a colony live and work to care for the one queens offspring. The colonies inhabitants are divided into different jobs. There are workers who find food, nurses, the female ants, who care for the young and the food, and there is the queen, who is the mother of the entire colony. Once a year the male ants fly away and the female aunts, that have wings, fly away and they mate and go off and star there own colonies. ...

Word Choice Duel vs. Dual - Proofread My Papers Writing Tips

Word Choice Duel vs. Dual - Proofread My Papers Writing Tips Word Choice: Duel vs. Dual The words duel and dual sound similar but have completely different meanings. Mixing up words like these can lose you marks on a paper and make your work look unprofessional. As such, its always important to check for errors if you are unsure what a word means. Duel (A Fight) A duel is a prearranged fight between two people over a disagreement. It is mostly a historical term, usually for a battle using guns or swords: The two gentlemen met at dawn, guns in hand, ready for the duel. It can also be used as a verb to describe the act of participating in such a fight: President Andrew Jackson cocked his pistol as he faced his opponent. All right, sucker, he said, Its dueling time! 1 These days, youre more likely to find duel used metaphorically to describe an argument or rivalry between two people or groups: The duel for the presidency began with a debate between the candidates. Dual (Double) Dual means double or twofold. It therefore indicates that something is doubled or includes two parts, such as in dual nationality. This term is also used to describe something with two functions. We could describe a spork, for example, as a dual-purpose tool, since it combines the qualities of a spoon and a fork. Duel or Dual? The difference between these terms is significant, so mixing them up in your written work could look bad. Thankfully, their differing definitions also means that the main challenge is learning how each word is spelled. Remember: Duel (with an e) = A fight Dual (with an a) = Double 1 Although President Andrew Jackson took part in up to 100 duels during his life, we cant confirm that the dialogue is historically accurate.

Human Resource Management Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Management Master - Case Study Example They have been, and continue to be, committed to Equal Opportunity Employment regardless of creed or any other factors that are not job related (Wall and Wood, 2005, 429-462). The company policy is to remove barriers to employment opportunities and to ensure that access to jobs is based strictly on an individual's competencies. Role of senior management and the line management (Wall and Wood, 2005, 429-462): The MAS Competencies represents the range of competencies that supports successful performance in job roles within the organization. It describes behaviours that will make a person competent and successful. MAS's competency framework (Noe, 2007, 4): Once the Induction program is completed the recruit will be directed to his/her respective department. The employee will first undergo on the job training for duration depending on the position and the department (Daft and Marcic, 2005, 145-327). During this period the employee is required to understand the core functions of the job. Thereafter he/she will undergo a further training on other departments, which are directly relevant to his / her day-to-day activities. The departmental manager and HR manager will identify duration and the schedule of this program. (Wall and Wood, 2005, 429-462) MAS being an ethical apparel manufacturer believe that the employees are the most valuable asset. Linea Aqua, as an SBU of MAS, offers a large number of reward schemes to its employees with the intention of uplifting their living standards and to motivate them to perform at best in their job role (Kane & Grant, 2009, 494-515). Transport, Food, Medical facilities, Scholarships to their children, EPF and ETF contributions are some of the basic hygiene factors that they offer (Schweiger and Sumners, 2007, 3-7). Apart from above, there are number of work/performance related reward schemes that Linea Aqua offers to

Health Care and Aging Policy Analysis Research Paper

Health Care and Aging Policy Analysis - Research Paper Example This may also include the failure to satisfy the needs of the elders or protect them from harms. It is unfortunate, that most of the times mistreatment is being caused but the people are unaware of it (Falk, 2012). Elder mistreatment is most of the times not reported because of the lack of training given to professional who miss it out. It has been reported that about 1.2 million elders are mistreated every year by self or others. 450,000 cases are new every year which are identified, yet the awareness and control has been sparse. These alarming figures have lead to the immense need to address and assess the mistreatment caused to elders through abuse, neglect or exploitation. There is no definite cause for elder abuse as it varies on situations and there can be a number of reasons why elders are mistreated at home or at nursing care homes (Stiegel, 2010). Historical background of the policy: The Elder Justice Act was introduced in 2003 to improve the conditions of this social proble m in America. The act was initially introduced by Senator John Breaux. The act was not only designed to address the elder mistreatment but also to address to the message of human rights for freedom from exploitation and abuse. The Elder Justice Coalition was formed which brought together all advocates who were committed to the social policy of elder protection. After 2003, the coalition fought and ensured that the Elder Justice Act was signed (Mellor, 2013). In 2010, the Elder Justice Act was signed into law by President Obama. It was passed in the Patient Protection and Affordability Act which was a health care reform. This act was addressed as the identification and recognition of the problem which had marked the beginning of the end of elder mistreatment. This act covered a large area which included the administration of the health care and the streaming of the problem by creating provisions to make proposals and alternatives for the problem. The act is now a law and it covers an d authorizes the dealing of the funds which are necessary to implement and provide benefits to those elders who are mistreated nationwide (Pampel, 2008). Bases of Social Allocation: It is important to analyze the group of people who come under the Elder Justice Act (EJA). This act is selective as it is for those people who are eligible and who need the services the most. This group of people is the elders who are above 60 years of age and are through any means being abused, tortured, mistreated or exploited. Research has concluded that elders who are disabled, demented or the ones who live in nursing homes suffer more abuse and mistreatment. Approximately 14 million of elders over 65 years of age are disabled in the U.S. These elders are more likely to be a subject of abuse by family members, care takers, service providers or other people associated to them. Such mistreatment causes risk to the activities and health of the elder (Brown, 2011). It was concluded that female elders are abused more than males and this is why they tend to die earlier. Elders who have dementia are also at the risk of being abused because of their attitudes and behaviors. They might become a burden or a responsibility on the family members or the care takers. About 5.1 million elders in America have some kind of dementia. Other elders who are at risk are the ones who live in private homes or nursing homes. These elders are the ones who are mostly unemployed and are dependent on

With specific reference to the two soliloquies Essay Example for Free

With specific reference to the two soliloquies Essay The first soliloquy appears after Hamlet has been deeply insulted and embarrassed by his uncle saying tis unmanly grief and being told that all he has believed in is wrong and childish, and he has just been told to forget about his fathers death because your father lost a father; That father lost, lost his; The final offense was that Hamlet had been told he cant go back to university, but has to stay home with his uncle and mother. I think Shakespeare has set the scene for the next soliloquy very well because of what has just happened to Hamlet. When the soliloquy comes after the moving scene in the banqueting hall, Hamlet speaks of his disgust at his mothers marriage to his uncle so soon after his fathers death. Hamlet also speaks of how he hates his uncle and that he is nothing like his good kind father. He is very upset about his mother and uncle being incestuous because it is against their religion. The final outrage he speaks of is that he believed his mother and father were so happy together, but then his mother marries his uncle not two months after his father had died proving Hamlet wrong. The second soliloquy I am studying appears after Hamlet has just discovered that his uncle has murdered his father and so Hamlet is trying to think of a way of revenge. Hamlet is distressed about everything that has happened to him and around him so Shakespeare makes him philosophize about death and what happens after you die. Throughout the speech Hamlet is always considering this point of death, as he is still very upset because so far he has done nothing physical towards avenging his fathers death and he cannot see how he can help his father. Also at the end of his first soliloquy Hamlet tries to apologize to Ophilia. The first Soliloquy is alone in the dark cold hall where everything is quiet and dreary, this is a large contrast from the previous scene which had lots of people in it who were all happy and celebrating the marriage of Hamlets uncle and mother. This is an important part shown by Shakespeare that Hamlet is all alone physically and mentally and that he has no one to turn to or confide in because he promised the ghost of his father to tell no one of what was said in their meeting. This shows to the audience Hamlets true state of mind as being utterly alone. This speech appears spontaneous, although Shakespeare in fact carefully structures it. Hamlet keeps changing the subject and then quickly returning to it, which gives us the impression that he is just speaking his thoughts as they come into his head, and can therefore be trusted. In the second soliloquy I am studying, Hamlet is in a public place and even though he is alone the audience dont feel as close to him because Shakespeare has made the soliloquy so that at any time someone like Claudius or Polonius could walk in and catch Hamlet speaking in his current state. Also Hamlet is very distressed because he now knows that his uncle, Claudius has murdered his father in cold blood and Hamlet has done nothing yet towards revenging his fathers death. This soliloquy could be dangerous because if he got caught speaking as he was he would get into trouble and Claudius might lose his temper and do something drastic. In the first Soliloquy Hamlet talks about his mother, he feels disgraced with her, he cant really see why she married his uncle, and he does not like to think about it. I think at this point, he is too upset to be suspicious of his fathers death; he still believes a snake really did kill his father. I can see this from the line But two months dead! -Nay, not so much, not two. He then talks about Claudius, I think he now associates his mother with Claudius as a couple, so every time he talks about his mother; he feels he has to mention Claudius. He thinks that his uncle corrupted his Mother, and thinks as a result of this, his mother and all other women are weak. Frailty, thy name is woman tells us this. This could affect his relationship with Ophelia, as he thinks all women are weak and frail. The second soliloquy I am studying is a lot more philosophical and deep than the first because of Hamlets mood and he tries to persuade himself that after death is a good place where good things happen but he is held back by conscience and fear, the reason fear is such a big part of this play is because Shakespeare wrote it for an Elizabethan audience and a ghost appearing would have a tremendous affect on the audience in those days because they felt a lot more strongly about souls not at rest. Hamlet also tries to apologise to Ophilia in this soliloquy even though she is not present in this soliloquy because he has finally thought of something physical to do to help his father but it uses Ophilia in a nasty way. Also the idea of suicide was taken a lot more serious in the days this play was targeted at and it was also considered worse than it is today. So everything in Hamlets life has been turned upside down or destroyed because, his father is dead, he cannot see his friends at university and he has just been told to stop making a fool of himself. This is a very dramatic speech with lots of pauses, which is shown by the Hyphens, questions, and exclamation marks etc. Fie on t! O, fie! is a good example of this from the first soliloquy because Shakespeare breaks up the words using pauses so there is more strain on certain parts of the word and certain parts of the soliloquy. Rhetorical questions are used To be or not to be shows Hamlets state of mind because he is asking himself questions that he does not expect an answer for. The dramatic pauses are used to put emphasis on different parts of Hamlets soliloquy showing the more important and serious parts of it. Hamlets sentences are generally short and disjointed in this soliloquy To die, to sleep-showing Hamlets mood is agitated and he is distressed. Iambic pentameter is used in both soliloquies because it is a recognized poetic device and can reflect normal speech, which is the way Hamlet is supposed to be speaking. In the second soliloquy Shakespeare again includes lots of dramatic pauses to break up the speech and also to give a climax to what Hamlet will say next. The sentences are long because Hamlet is almost talking to himself and so does not slow down or pause very often and so he rambles on. Also in this soliloquy Hamlet is philosophizing about death and whats after death and so he does not speak as he would if somebody else was there. The soliloquy is more realistic because if it rhymed then it would have to have been already thought up and it is supposed to be spontaneous. The sentences are rather disjointed showing Hamlet, at this moment in the play, as a slightly mad character. In this speech Hamlet repeats the words To die, to sleep- which helps to show that even though Hamlet tries to talk about something other than suicide he cannot help thinking about death as something as peaceful as sleep because thats what he wants to think. The use of comparison between death and sleep shows that Hamlet is considering death and he hopes it will be peaceful like sleep. But as he considers death for in that sleep of death what dreams may come. must give us pause he wonders what happens after you die and if it is worse than the problems he has now and so because of that he has to stop and think about what to do, this shows that he is indecisive over this matter. The imagery slings and arrows of fortune shows that Hamlet thinks he has been almost attacked individually by fortune and he feels he is vulnerable. Also Hamlet questions the point of life because everyone dies eventually and he says that Humans are subject to lots of hurt. Hamlet compares after death to an undiscovered country where no traveler returns so this shows that Hamlet realizes that death is a one way process where there is no turning back, which shows that Hamlet is still sane and rational. When Hamlet uses the image of an un-weeded garden because Hamlets father died in a garden but also because Shakespeare tries to make Hamlet use the imagery of his father being the gardener of the family and without him the garden goes out of control and falls apart. Hamlet compares his father with Claudius. He describes his father as Hyperion, God of the sun, meaning that in Hamlets mind, the world would not go on without him. This shows his great respect for his father and how he looks up to him. He then compared Claudius to a Satyr, which shows that Hamlet has a very low opinion of Claudius. The main reason he thinks of Claudius as a Satyr, is because Hamlet thinks that Claudius took advantage of his mother when she was so distraught over his fathers death. Shakespeare uses a soliloquy to put Hamlet alone showing his mental state as being alone. Shakespeare uses soliloquies because they are an insight into a character because they are not actually speaking to anyone In this case Hamlet lets out his innermost and personal feelings and so the audience like the play more because in a soliloquy it is more personal and so people in the audience can relate to what Shakespeare makes Hamlet say. For an actor, playing Hamlet, I would have Hamlet moving around the stage. The main reason for this is because in a theater there are no cameras to zoom in on facial expressions so, if Hamlet was not moving around on stage, (because of the nature of the theater, some people being closer to the stage, whilst others are father away), the people further away would quickly loose interest. All they would see, would be a person just stood there doing nothing. The best way of acting out the soliloquy would be to use hand motions, Hamlet could also move around making the best use of the stage. I dont think the audience would loose interest because Hamlet is walking around, in fact they would probably be more interested as they could follow him through his actions. He should start in the middle of the stage, so the audience can tell immediately that Hamlet is the center of attention right from the beginning of the soliloquy. Hamlets voice should change considerably throughout the soliloquy. In some parts of the soliloquy, Hamlet talks continually, without full stops. At these times, his voice should become dramatically louder, and it could also speed up. This would show the audience he is getting angry, or upset. His voice should soften, and slow down when he feels as though the whole world is on his shoulders. As Hamlet is acting, he should try to convey his emotions through speech, facial expressions and body language. Shakespeare has made an excellent character that a person reading the play or watching it as part of an audience, can really believe in Hamlet as being a real person. This is because of the two soliloquies I have studied make Hamlet look like a real person because he is alone and so the audience can feel more close to Hamlet. Also because it becomes more personal when Hamlet is not talking to anyone and it seems that he is talking to the audience. Also because he lets his emotions come out in such detail the audience can actually relate to what he is saying and so they feel they know what he is going through. Because of all these points I believe that Shakespeare has really captured the essence of creating a person in this case Hamlet and then managing to make the audience believe he is real not just a fictitious character.

Psychological and Presentational Realism in Moll Flanders by Daniel Def

Psychological and Presentational Realism in Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe The Eighteenth-century literature is popular for its peculiar style of writing that gives the readers an insider’s view in the novel. By combining the two aspects such as Psychological and Presentational Realism, authors have created works of pure masterpiece such as Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe. Defoe illustrates Moll, the protagonist’s psyche by writing the narrative in the first person to imply it as an autobiography. This allows psychological realism to work at its finest since the readers can feel a personal relationship to the character. The two important instances that occur with this type of realism are when Moll realizes that she is married to her own brother and her meeting with Humphrey, her son. In addition, Defoe also uses Presentational Realism to describe Moll’s initial career as thief with her first episode at the apothecary’s shop and later stealing a gold necklace from a child. The manner in which the setting is described gives the reade rs a sense of feeling of being there and at the same time experiencing her escape from the scene. Amongst Moll’s several relationships, she is married to a plantation owner, who owns property and has mother and a sister in America. The couple decides to move to Virginia to be with the family (Defoe 77). Moll’s describes that she lives in marital bliss and also enjoys the company of her mother-in-law. She exclaims â€Å"†¦I thought of myself the happiest creature alive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  until her world is shattered as she portrays herself being â€Å"†¦most uncomfortable in the world† (78). As she is listening to the story of her mother-in-law being a transported felon to Virginia from Newgate prison in London and sudden... ...hough she may not have kept in touch with her son. She is overjoyed by meeting him, which gives the reader a sense of hope that the story will end on a positive note. On the other hand, presentational realism is shown through Moll’s darker side when she turns into a thief to support herself and live lavishly. Her description of her deeds and exact account of what she acquires amazes the readers. The reader can connect to her by being a thief and at the same time passing moral judgments upon her. Some may congratulate her on being slick enough to steal from an apothecary shop while others may criticize her for robbing a little innocent child. Regardless of various opinions, Defoe’s narrative style involves the reader in the story, which makes it interesting to read. Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. Moll Flanders. New York: Signet Classic Penguin Books USA Inc, 1996.

Sequential Analysis of Airline Industry in Nigeria

Many wonder about the influence of product /service contents or features on business function. Why do people prefer certain airlines and not others? Some insist on KLM, while others prefer emirates  . Some choose virgin atlantic airways, while some others go for british airways. Yet many people contend that there are no significant differences among well – known airlines. The passengers’ choice may be influenced by the quality of services offered or the attractive price package, or value for money programme. Frequency, the ticket price, in-flight services, punctuality, time schedule, seat comfort and other characteristics combine to project an image to the prospective passenger. Consequently, these features are input element in a marketing programme. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing choice and the extent to which customers are likely to exhibit loyalty in the face of severe price competition. This study explores the change in airline passengers’ preferences in situations where service quality improves. This study is informed by the influx of foreign airlines into Nigeria and the attendant issue of how a prospective buyer takes a decision on which airline to fly. This investigation is conceived with the objective of measuring the effect on airlines the decision variable per passenger’s preferences. The aim is to ascertain how the effect of factors influencing the choice of airline significantly improves the marketing strategies employed by these airlines. This research problem is undertaken by utilizing an approach which involves a literature review to identify key construct and a survey. The information gathered are then used in the development of a questionnaire. The key issues influencing the choice of airline are identified. In other to test the hypothesis, that ‘value for money’ acts a s key decision variable, a survey of customers is conducted using a convenient sample of respondents who have been responsible for purchasing airline tickets for themselves to undertake international travel in the prior twelve months. Respondents rate the importance of a variety of issues relating to airlines choice. A factor analysis of these items is then carried out using a varimax rotation. Under the advance exploratory analysis, a multivariate analysis of variance is therefore undertaken to analyze the impact of some of these determining factors on likelihood to fly on an airline. The analysis shows that the two top factors affecting passengers’ choice of airline are â€Å"schedule of the time† and â€Å"safety†. The actor of seat comfort is ranked fourth by the total number of passengers. The analysis of pasenger’s satisfaction tells us the quality of airline services that passengers actually received. The result shows that â€Å"seat comfort† is ranked far behind the other eight factors, indicating that the service quality that passengers received is below average. Under the choice model, the sign of price is negative implying that the passengers prefer the airline with lower ticket to that with the higher ticket fare which is identical with normal expectation. The sign of seat type is positive which indicate passengers’ actually view seat comfort as an important factor in their choice decision. The above findings show that this market segment currently lacks loyalty and is driven solely by price related features. It may therefore be necessary for airlines to undertake further investigation that allows them to develop strategies and packages that particularly target the need of this group.

International Journal Of Engineering Research and General Science ISSN-2091-2730

International Journal of Engineering Research and general science (ISSN 2091-2730), Impact factor (3.72 ICV) is an open access peer review publication which is established for publishing the latest trends in engineering. We give priority to quality papers which emphasis on basic and important concept through which there would be remarkable contribution to the research arena and also publish the genuine research work in the field of science, engineering and technologies.This publication welcomes all the original research papers, conceptual articles, reviewed papers from tremendous fields of science and technology and moreover papers are selected and are reviewed by our expert editorial team as per the paper forwarded by assistant editorial in chief. Our strong team member will come back to you with all the feedback within a week.The papers so accepted are to undergo certain criteria of P&R publication and finally it will be in online with in a week. Any research which are carried on f or the prompt impact to the society and which also contribute for environmental conservation are given special priority.Call For Research Papers – Vol.2 Issue 2It's our privilege to invite you to submit your research work in our journal which is influencing the world with the concept of innovation and techniques. You can send your paper on any of this discipline1. Civil engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer science Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Information Technology, Electronic and communication engineering, aeronautical engineering, General engineering, resources engineering and other tremendous discipline of engineering field.2. Medicine, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Pharmacy, general biology, Physic, Chemistry, Mathematics and other field of general science.You can send your Manuscripts to our asso editor in chief via email- [email  protected], [email  protected]PROCESS Of REVIEWOur review process is double-blinded that is the reviewer does not know the author(s) detail and meanwhile author(s) also are unaware about the reviewer. Authors are finally provided with the feedback of the paper.AIM & SCOPEThis journal is commenced with the aim of assisting the researchers to provide the best platform to expose their innovation and thoughts. we appreciate the new vision and innovative thoughts that helps in research and findings.We also aims to commence own research platform through which tremendous innovation will be carried on very soon.For Detail- www.ijergs.org

7 Top Tips for Saving Money on SAT and ACT Prep

7 Top Tips for Saving Money on SAT and ACT Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting into college is a great feeling - but having to spend money on SAT/ACT test prep? Not so great. Let’s be honest: most people would rather put their ACT or SAT money toward something a little more exciting. But the good news is, you don’t need to spend all of your cash on test prep, as long as you know which resources to use and how to spend your money wisely.In this guide, we give you 12 tips and resources that are guaranteed to help you save money on test prep. How to Save Money on SAT/ACT Test Prep: 7 Key Tips First off, let's go over theseven key principles you should know in order to maximize the amount of money you save on SAT/ACT test prep. Tip 1: Get Serious About the Exam By studying diligently and maintaining a serious attitude toward test prep, you’ll save yourself money in the long run. Why? Becausethe fewer times you take the exam, the less money you’ll spend on registration fees (and, by extension, test-prep materials). Now, this doesn't mean you shouldn'ttake the SAT or ACT more than once(in fact, we recommend taking your chosen test at least twice!). But by approaching your test prep seriously and having a willingness to put in the necessary time and effort, you won't end up taking the ACT or SAT more times than you really need to. So make sure you set a goal score and are actively working toward it with a foolproof study plan. Do this, and you shouldn't need to take your test more than two or three times, max. Tip 2: Customize Your Test Prep Customizing your test prep allows you to focus on the most difficultcontent areas for you andspend money only on the resources you actually need.By tailoring your study sessions, you'll have less trouble tackling challenging concepts on test day and won't waste precious time reviewing topics you're already strong at. To pinpoint your weaknesses, take an official ACT or SAT practice test andtime yourself using the same restrictions on the actual exam. Once finished, calculate your section scores, as well as yoursubscores,to see which areas you'll need to review before test day. These are the content areas you'll want to consider spending your ACT or SAT money on. For example, if you’re a pro at reading comprehension but struggle with math, don't bother forking out hundreds of dollars for a general ACT class. Instead, narrow your prepso that you're opting primarily for math-heavy resources, such as an ACT math book or a tutor who specializes in ACT math. Tip 3: Decide on a Budget Ahead of Time A penny saved is a penny earned, which is why you should make a budget ahead of time and stick with it.This way you won't be tempted to spend more than you can afford on test prep. So for instance, if you're looking to spend upwards of $25 on SAT study materials, you could buy a comprehensive prep book, a couple of SAT apps, or even a short stint with an SAT tutor. What you purchase ultimately depends on the specific skills you want to strengthen (see Tip 2). Just remember that your budget is a maximum,not a minimum, so don't feel pressured to blow all of your SAT money on resources you're not certain you'll actually need. In fact, you may end up needing to spend only a tiny fraction of your budget to get the guidance you're looking for! Tip 4: Take Advantage of Free and Official Resources Both the College Board and ACT, Inc., offer loads offree and official resourcesyou can integrate into your studies. Because these materials come from the actual makers of the SAT and ACT, they are far and away your best bets for getting the content review and test-taking practice you need at the price you want. You can look for resources online at the official College Board and ACT websites. Most free SAT/ACT study materials are available as PDFs in the form of practice questions and full-length tests. We'll explain more about the types of official resources you can use in the following section. These books aren't just old - they're ancient! Tip 5: Opt for Used Over New High-quality prep books are usually worth the money. But to avoid overpaying, I strongly suggest opting for used over new.Used books are almost always cheaper and can still give you the same content and overall benefits of a new book. The only major downside is that used books are often filled with previous owners' notes and markings, making them difficult to read and use properly. On a related note, you can also look for previous editions of used books.In general, these are even cheaper than used, recently released books. Again, though, there's a caveat:older books are far more likely to contain outdated information, particularly if you're planning to take the SAT. With SAT prep books from 2015 and earlier, it's imperative you understand how the SAT’s format has changed before cracking open your book to study. Used prep books are typically available on websites such as Amazon and eBay; you can also search for them at local bookstores and libraries (as we'll discuss more in the following section). Additionally, it might be helpful to ask friends and family members who’ve taken the SAT or ACT whether they have any old prep books you can borrow. In this case, you may be able to snag a book for free! Tip 6: Participate in School-Day Testing (If Available) Some states and districts offer students the chance to take the ACT or SATduring the school day at their schools. (In some states, testing is actually mandatory for all students.) This is called school-day testing, and what's great about it is that this test is usually free for students! But that's not the only benefit. With school-day testing, you'llalso save money by not having to arrange your schedule to make room for a Saturday test day.So if you normally work a part-time job on Saturdays, for example, you won’t need to miss work in order to take the ACT or SAT. Likewise, you won’t need to spend money on public transportation or gas to get you to a testing center. There are a couple of non-monetary advantages as well. First, you don’t need to spend an entire Saturday taking the test. Second, you get to work in a familiar environment and with people you know, which can ultimately increase your confidence on test day. Tip 7: Listen to Your Gut When it comes down to it, you're the only person who truly knows what you'll need to help you prepare efficiently for test day. So always go with your instincts. If you believe a certain resource will be worth the investment, listen to your gut and buy it. Likewise,if you're not sure about a certain prep book's credibility or its likelihood of getting you the score you want, it's probably best to just walk away. What's better than free hugs? Free test prep! Just kidding, it's actually Legos. Definitely Legos. (clement127/Flickr, resized from original) Free ACT SAT Resources That'll Save You Money The easiest way to spend less of your ACT and SAT money is to take advantage offree, high-quality resources.Here are five excellent options for test prep that won't burn a hole in your pocket. Online Guides, Questions, Practice Tests The internet is home to a plethora of free prep materials that can help you hone your test-taking skills as well as strengthen your strategic approaches and content weaknesses on the ACT and SAT.As I mentioned above, the best online resources are, undoubtedly,official SAT/ACT guides, practice tests, and questions. You can accessall official SAT practice testsin our guide.On the College Board website, you can view the entirety ofThe Official SAT Study Guideas a collection of downloadable PDFs; you can alsopractice withan array of sample questions, which include: 24 Reading questions 22 Writing and Language questions 18 Math No Calculator questions 30 Math Calculator questions 2 Essay prompts As for the ACT, we've gatheredall official ACT practice tests here. Like the College Board, ACT, Inc., maintains a ton offree practice questionsonline, including: 75 English questions 60 Math questions 48 Reading questions 40 Science questions 1 Writing prompt Unofficial tests and questions, too, can be helpful.Unfortunately, most free test-prep websites for the ACT and SAT are relatively low quality and lack realistic questions and content, so it's best to stick with official resources whenever possible.That said, if you're craving a bigger collection of questions, our guides tofree online ACT and SATpractice testscan tell you which tests are worth using- and which ones you're better off avoiding. Khan Academy Through a partnership with the College Board, Khan Academy offers thousands of free, official SAT practice questions, complete with in-depth explanations and robust content review. With this website, you can learn about new topics through video lessons, take quizzes, and even import your PSAT/NMSQT scores to tailor your SAT study plan to your weaknesses. You must make an account to save your progress, but it's free and definitely worth it for the gigantic stockpile of SAT-style questions alone. Although Khan Academy doesn’t offer an ACT program or ACT-style questions, you can still use its SAT program and subject-based courses toget a rundown of basic math, reading, and English conceptsfound on the ACT. Get ready 'cause we're about to toot our own horn! #hatersgonnahate PrepScholar Blog If you haven't explored our website already,our PrepScholar SAT/ACT blog offers hundreds of free articles and guides(just like the one you’re reading right now!) you can use to prepare yourself for the SAT or ACT. Our best and most comprehensive resources include the following: SAT The Ultimate Study Guide for SAT Reading: Strategies, Tips, and Practice The Complete Prep Guide for SAT Writing: Grammar, Strategies, and Practice The Ultimate SAT Math Prep Guide: Tips, Formulas, and Practice The Ultimate SAT Essay Study Guide: Tips and Review The 21 SAT Tips and Tricks You Must Use How to Get a Perfect 1600 SAT Score, by a 2400 Expert Full Scorer ACT The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT English: Tips, Rules, Practice, and Strategies The Ultimate ACT Math Prep Guide: Strategies, Topics, and Tips The Ultimate Prep Guide to ACT Reading: Strategies, Tips, and Practice The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT Science: Tips, Practice, and Strategies The Ultimate ACT Writing Study Guide: Tips, Strategies, and Practice 15 ACT Tips and Tricks to Improve Your Score How to Get a Perfect ACT Score, by a 36 Full Scorer We also encourage you to browse our blogby searching for any ACT or SAT keywords or concepts you want to learn more about. 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Why Christmas Trees Smell So Good

Why Christmas Trees Smell So Good Is there anything more wonderful than the smell of a Christmas tree? Of course, Im talking about a real Christmas tree rather than an artificial tree. The fake tree may have an odor, but its not coming from a healthy mix of chemicals. Artificial trees release residues from flame retardants and plasticizers. Contrast this with the aroma of a freshly cut tree, which may not be all that healthy either, but certainly smells nice. Curious about the chemical composition of Christmas tree aroma? Here are some of the key molecules responsible for the smell: -Pinene and -Pinene Pinene (C10H16) occurs in two enantiomers, which are molecules that are mirror images of each other. Pinene belongs to a class of hydrocarbons known as terpenes. Terpenes are released by all trees, although conifers are particularly rich in pinene. ÃŽ ²-pinene has a fresh, woody fragrance, while ÃŽ ±-pinene smells a bit more like turpentine. Both forms of the molecule are flammable, which is part of why Christmas trees are incredibly easy to burn. These molecules are volatile liquids at room temperature, releasing most of the characteristic Christmas tree smell. An interesting side note about pinene and other terpenes is that plants partially control their environment using these chemicals. The compounds react with air to produce aerosols that act as nucleation points or seeds for water, promoting cloud formation and conferring a cooling effect. The aerosols are visible. Have you ever wondered why the Smoky Mountains actually appear smoky? Its from the living trees, not campfires! The presence of terpenes from trees also affects weather and cloud formation over other forests and around lakes and rivers. Bornyl Acetate Bornyl acetate (C12H20O2) is sometimes called heart of pine because it produces a rich odor, described as balsamic or camphorous. The compound is an ester found in pine and fir trees. Balsam firs and silver pines are two types of fragrant species rich in bornyl acetate that are often used for Christmas trees. Other Chemicals in Christmas Tree Smell The cocktail of chemicals that produces Christmas tree smell depends on the species of tree, but many conifers used for Christmas trees also waft odors from limonene (a citrus scent), myrcene (a terpene partly responsible for the aroma of hops, thyme, and cannabis), camphene (a camphor smell), and ÃŽ ±-phellandrene (peppermint and citrus-smelling monoterpene). Why Doesnt My Christmas Tree Smell? Just having a real tree doesnt guarantee your Christmas tree will smell Christmas-y! The fragrance of the tree depends primarily on two factors. The first is the health and hydration level of the tree. A freshly cut tree is typically more fragrant than one that was cut some time ago. If the tree isnt taking up water, its sap wont be moving, so very little scent will be released. Ambient temperature matters, too, so a tree outdoors in the cold wont be as fragrant as one at room temperature. The second factor is the species of tree. Different types of tree produce different scents, plus some kinds of tree retain their fragrance after being cut better than others. Pine, cedar, and hemlock all retain a strong, pleasing smell after they have been cut. A fir or spruce tree may not have as strong a smell or may lose its scent more quickly. In fact, some people strongly dislike the odor of spruce. Others are downright allergic to the oils from cedar trees. If youre able to select the species of your Christmas tree and the smell of the tree is important, you might want to review tree descriptions by the National Christmas Tree Association, which includes characteristics such as odor. If you have a living (potted) Christmas tree, it wont produce a strong smell. Less odor is released because the tree has an undamaged trunk and branches. You can spritz the room with Christmas tree fragrance if you want to add that special aroma to your holiday celebration.

The Environmental movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Environmental movement - Essay Example However, in order to break media silence especially on environmental issues in the period of 1970s, Greenpeace had adopted as well as executed certain remedial measures or strategies. It can be apparently observed in this similar concern that the outrageous stunts and the protest slogans made by Greenpeace in the form of effective strategies eventually supported it to break media silence of environmental issues in the period of 1970s by a certain degree. In addition, there also exist certain other strategies of Greenpeace that ultimately turned it to be the most renowned asset in conducting worldwide environmental movement. It can be affirmed from a broader outlook that the activities pertaining to incessant anti-nuclear efforts by Greenpeace in early 1970s in terms of protesting nuclear tests by the French is one of the important strategies that might have broken the media silence particularly on environmental issues by a considerable level. Apart from making deliberate efforts in p rotesting nuclear tests, Greenpeace made significant approaches towards conducting attractive as well as logical campaigns based on environmental concern. From the very beginning, it can be viewed that Greenpeace paid utmost attention towards addressing and mitigating every environmental issue by a greater level. Greenpeace can be duly considered as a top-down based organisation which fundamentally follows decision-making procedure based on corporations or military. Thus, the adoption of effective decisions based on the aforesaid aspects ultimately assisted Greenpeace to devise effectual environmental strategies resulting in breaking media silence on environmental issues at large. Another general tactic or strategy which can be viewed to be adopted as well as executed by Greenpeace was raising greater awareness to the public concerning the environmental issues through media. In this regard, appealing for gaining public support can also be regarded as the other strategy of Greenpeace towards mitigating environmental issues in the period of 1970s (Campbell, 2004; CBC, 2013). 2. How Do You Explain the ‘Institutionalisation’ of the

Investment Objectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investment Objectives - Assignment Example The selection is as follows: 1) 1-Year Government of Canada Treasury bills The annual yield is 0.53%. It is a zero-coupon bond and thus bears no interest. Investors receive the par value at the maturity date. It cannot be redeemed before maturity and does not have call provisions. It is issued by government of Canada, so it is considered almost risk-free as few imagine the Canadian government will default. But additionally, it has disadvantages which include: †¢ Low return †¢ No periodic interest payments †¢ Low level of liquidity 2) 1-Year Government of Canada marketable bonds The annual yield is 0.57%. Marketable bonds are more liquid than Treasury bonds as they are transferable and can be sold at a reasonable price. 3) 1-Year BMO non-redeemable GIC with semi-annualinterest payment The semi-annually compounded rate is 0.875%. Compared to T-bills, GIC yields a higher return and pays interests semi-annually. Investors can enjoy fixed income stream at each payment date. The principal and interest payments are guaranteed by BMO. 4) 1-Year Nova Scotia Bank non-redeemable GIC with monthly payment The semi-annually compounded rate is 0.775%. Investment into different banks helps dispersing business risk and makes the portfolio even safer. For this reason, purchasing from more than one bank is better than purchasing only from BMO, despite of the lower interest rate offered by Nova Scotia Bank.

Tikopia of Melanesia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tikopia of Melanesia - Research Paper Example CONCLUSION: A summary of key points 1.0 Introduction: Tikopia of Melanesia Tikopia of Melanesia is known to have gone through so many changes in society. The ‘Ticopia’ was an expression that the people of Solomon Islands used to make themselves distinctive from other people from neighboring islands, as a result forming the Tikopia community. From the past decade to the present, the communities’ culture remains unchanged, thus, portraying an interesting deal of information to be learnt about their way of life and work. Agriculture is their main means of subsistence, the tropical climate favoring the people to get good agricultural produce. They can be referred to as the emerging agriculturalists or horticulturalists. The Tikopia live on the island of Tikopia, which is in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean. From about half a century ago, the population of the Tikopia had grown dramatically, a factor that caused anxiety and concern among its leaders, there was the fear o f food shortages. As a result of this, they had to look for a solution on ways to control population growth. The community practiced some zero population measures which included warfare, sea voyaging and celibacy. These reduced their population and it is a good example of a reproduction policy (Nowak & Laid, 2010). This will form the basis of discussion in this paper. Thesis Statement: The Tikopia are a cultural group with unique kinship and reproductive practices aimed at promoting their idea of zero population growth and changes in the society so as to ensure survivability. 1.1 Subsistence Practices: The Tikopia of Melanesia practice precise techniques of agriculture. They are mainly Horticulturalists who rely on water from the sea for planting their main diet, however, on few cases they substitute fishing as part of their diet. The community is located near a sea that provides a wide variety of fish including shell fish. The Tikopia normally look for dried swamps and clear forest s, which usually provides them with trade routes and markets. The community does practice an intensive system of agriculture which has features of a perm-culture. The agricultural practices of the community depend on the density of the population, in the thick populated areas, some people practice fishing and pig rearing while others practice forest gardening. The foods that they grow include coconut, vegetables and yams which thrive best in the tropical environment, therefore, high yields of great quantity of foods are achieved. The access that the group has over empty land gives them control over a lot of resources. The Tikopia also incorporate technology into their subsistence practices. This is by practicing flood control, irrigation and terraces. In addition to this, technology has assisted the community in building roads, bridges and ports. Technology also allows the community to have control over their production and distribution (Nowak & Laird, 2010). Â  In the Tikopia soci ety, it is mostly men who do all the hard work such as building fences, clearing forests and planting processes. The women prepare food and take care of children. Both men and women play key roles in their society’s subsistence practices. The community uses redistribution and exchange of balanced reciprocals to ensure that their goods and services are transported. Balanced reciprocals exchange refers to an agreement where there is return of an item, which is equivalent to another item or one with a greater value. Redistribution refers to a tribute, an individual’

Strategic Human Resource Management is related between strategic management and HRM

Strategic Human Resource Management is related between strategic management and HRM Introduction: Strategic Human Resource Management is related between strategic management and HRM. SHRM is intended to create decisions organizations employees important works of its business strategy. It gives the general way of an organizations hope to achieving objectives through its people. SHRM is run for long term issues of the people in business. It is also connected to the organizations structure and its culture, requirements of future business. Its performance can change the total management. Task 1: Human Resource Management Strategy: 1.1 Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management of Nokia: Strategic human resource management emphases on human resource programme of Nokia that has long term objectives. It is focusing on internal human resource issues as well as on addressing and solving problems that effect management programs in the long term. so the main goal of strategic human resources is to boost employee productivity by focusing on business resistance that take place outside of human resources. SHRM of Nokia employs strategies that help to develop the business performance of Nokia and help an environment of modernism and flexibility among employees. The main actions of Head of SHRM Juha Akras are to identify key HR areas where strategies can be implemented in the long run of progress the overall employee motivation and productivity. SHRM also describe about the companys internal strengths and weaknesses. This is very important as the strengths and weaknesses of a companys human resources that have a straight effect on the companys future. 1.2 The purpose of Strategic Human Resource Management activities of Nokia: SHRM has a unique purpose to meet the companys objectives. Different company has different strategy and SHRM plays a role to identify the overall need for the company to achieve the company goal. The SHRM activities are as follows for Nokia and it has a great purpose for companys future: 1.2.1Resource planning: Resources are very important and should accessible to get together present and potential business requirements in favour of business policy. Nokia Resource planning directed executive or global and part or narrow system which is done by SHRM of Nokia. Particularly, talented workers or real apprenticeship schemes must be used. 1.2.3 Workforce planning and recruiting: Workforce planning is the development of assessing a companys current and future human resources needs. Workforce planning also includes managing any training and recruitment process to make sure the organisation has the exact staff inexact place. Nokia work force planning has a great purpose to properly express one way to make a workforce receptive to cross functional, Cross-cultural teaming that can therefore make fast, high-quality decisions and increase the organizations flexibility. 1.2.4 Performance management: Nokia SHRM has a system to run employee performance. It ensures individual objectives are copied from company strategy and policies. This is for motivate Nokias employee. 1.2.5 Recruiting and exit procedures: Nokia SHRM makes sure the capable and qualified persons are appointed to open positions, according to real need. The dealers check the quality of candidates. SHRM provided with a work contract or offer letter, basic or specific training. SHRM shall ensure that exit procedures are acquiescent with local legislation, international labour law and appropriate collective agreements. 1.2.6 Nokia specific training and certification: Nokia SHRM has the essential guidance on Nokias organization and product marketing, if required any compulsory Id or certificates to be trained the community procedure of engaging multicultural, multi-country employees in generating and agreeing on a set of values and to search and get deeper considerate of the relationships between strategy, culture, values and business outcomes. 1.3. Contribution of Strategic Human Resource Management to the achievement of Nokias organizational objectives. To continue a strong, booming and well-organized atmosphere Nokia connects with its workforce in the core target to make an situation for all its workers anywhere they can fulfil their prospective. 1.3.1 Company growth: Nokia expands their business in regularly basis with new innovations and ideas. That is why Nokia needs lot of skill and experienced persons to meet their business growth. For example Nokias Research Development work was spread crosswise in 69 web and its 19,579 technical expertises to activate and build up their own facts. In these situations Human Resource played a vital role. It recruits them and trained them in specific way to success in this project. Nokia is operating their business all over the world and so the human resource providing a socio cultural environment to its employee relationship and workplace. 1.3.2 Profit increasing: Every company is profit oriented. They want to increase their profit in every aspect. Nokia is also increasing profit very successfully by making new ideas implementations. Human resource has a effective involve to increase their profit by reducing labour cost and other activities. Human resources is the organization of resources other than natural resources and capital resources. 1.3.3 Satisfaction of Stakeholders: Human Resource of Nokia always try to satisfy its Stakeholders like its employees, investors, suppliers and others. It has an member of staff approval training and employee judgment assignment and can get achievement on the grades of the training. It makes sure that information related to employees such as industry performance, communicated crossways the society and ensure performance is evaluated fairly and independently.HR of Nokia provide to dealer forces at Nokia services. Task 2: Human Resources Planning: 2.1 Business factors of Coca-Cola that underpin human resource planning: Human resources are the people that work for an organisation, and Human Resource Management is concerned with how these people are managed. Though, the term of HRM has come to mean more than this because people are different from the other resources that work for an organisation. Coca-Cola Human Resource department involves in company strategic planning in various way. When it makes human resource plan there is involve company business factor and external environment factor. 2.1.1 Business Growth: Coca-Cola is a leading beverage company. It increases its business all over the world in every year in different way. So needs lot of staff to meet this incensement of business. Human resources planning takes its consideration forecasting future manpower requirements, where using arithmetical view to plan growth in the monetary situation and expansion of the business. 2.1.2Business Change: Coca cola change their business plan strategy sometimes very frequently in consideration of economic, market variation, competitor and other relative factors. Human resource of Coca-Cola also takes such consideration when it plans in a long term basis. 2.1.3 Impact of Technology: In every certain time all over the world modern technology is invented. Coca-Cola always takes it a challenge when they make a Human resource plan. HR is considered to its existence employee and recruits skilful employee to meet this challenge successfully. 2.1.4 Business Competition: There is a huge competition of all over the world. In this competition rivalry making efficient the organization is a real challenge. Coca-Cola Human resource plan think about this competition and make it organization to fit in this situation. 2.1.5 Labour Cost Control: Coca-Cola Human resource planning includes in a wide way about Labour cost control by maintain waste of time, proper use of materials. Its Human resource always approach training programme to its productions stuff to make difference and make them skilful as they can work fast and more easily. Not only its taking consideration for planning or developing its production stuff it also concentrates its: à ¢-  IT specialists. à ¢-  Engineers. à ¢-  Project Specialist à ¢-  Product designer à ¢-  Executives. à ¢-  Admin stuff Other variations should take for consideration   new legislations like new health requirements,  safety requirements, Changes in government policies   Ã‚  like tax tariff, labour demand and supply. 2.2 Human resource requirements in a given situation: According to the New York Times July, 2009 Coca-Cola market was slipped in U.S. market but Coca-Cola still the best carbonate cola. In this situation there was 60% market share was Coca-Cola. Generally its market share relay between 75%-85% in U.S market. In this situation Coca- Cola surveyed their market and find out the barrier and solved it by various planning implementation. Besides the other department Human Resource Management played a vital role to recover the market as well. In Such kind of situation Human Resource makes sure several things that are as follows: 2.2.1 Personal Requirement: HR will arrange the operation teams and then give exact point to its members. According to the size of industry and the involvedness of the operation, might also need to create sub teams. The following points provide options HR might consider in regard to managing some important issues: à ¢-  Let to know and familiar with the specific operations: . à ¢-  Special training is given to employees; new employees also are placed with old ones to learn work and the values prevalent in the company. 2.2.2 Workplace: They must provide sufficient working space to per employee. The temperature must be reasonable. The workplace must be adequately lit and where the work can be done seated seats must be provided. Human resource management makes sure promote an comprehensive atmosphere that inspire all workforce to build up and get to their complete possible, consistent with a promise of human rights in our place of work. 2.2.3 Organizing operation teams: SHRM will help to make a team of talent in safety way also serve up as influential of secondary teams. Team members have to have such skills that are valuable according to the requirements. 2.3 Development a human resources plan Coca-Cola: The Human Resource Plan should also be closely tied to strategic planning. In order to effectively meet their strategic goals and objectives, a world leading company, hire or develop staff with the required skills, knowledge and attitudes to Perform the needed functions. The Human Resource Plan of Coca-Cola can be completed in six steps: 2.3.1 Step 1: Setup a big picture: The main purpose of the first step is to bring the group to realize the meaning of and the need for a business strategy and agenda of Coca-Cola. To understand the business strategy the specific department executives will run a workshop and it can be two days workshop. In this two-day workshop the business unit executive reviews business strategy in any issues to impact the business. HR highlights the key driving forces of business such as Technology, distribution, competition, the markets etc and also the implications of the driving forces for the people side of business the fundamental people contribution to bottom line business performance. 2.3.2Step 2: Develop a Mission Statement or Statement of Intent: This come up to human resources planning mirrors the section in business plan of Coca-Cola dedicated to clearing up why your company exists and what value it presents. Human resources planning will be based on your organizations mission statement, goals and objectives because your workforce will be in alignment with the company values. 2.3.3 Step 3: Conduct a SWOT analysis of the organization: This analysis will looks at the internal environment of company. By this analysis the human resource will find out what is Coca-Colas present strengths and what is weakness as well as current in future opportunity and threats to know the whether they able to achieve with the current human resources. SWOT analysis will ensure the clear image about the organisation resources such as capital worker. 2.3.4Step 4: Develop consequences and solutions; Human resource will amalgamate all essential for meeting the company objectives. It will take steps for developing the Human Resource Plan as below: Teamwork of staff to lower levels to the management level should be developed to support in various ways that able to consider necessary in things to build up communication and promote better relationship among all level of employee. The management should emphasize on good quality of corporate culture to build up employees and make a positive and favourable work environment. The reasonable and complete process of human resource management is Performance appraisal. Through the performance evaluation HRM can collect and proves basics for recruiting and selecting new staff and can give training to its existing staff to develop their skill. It is motivate and maintain a work force by satisfactorily and correctly rewarding their dedications. Human Resources Management will defiantly fall down without a dependable performance evaluation system. 2.3.5 Step 5: Implementation and evaluation of the action plans: Developing a human resource strategys main purpose is to make sure that the objectives set are similarly helpful so that the reward and payment systems are incorporated with employee training and career development plans. 2.4 Evaluation of how a human resources plan can contribute to meet Coca-Colas objectives: Human Resource Plan has a great value to achieve of an organisations overall strategic objectives and it is clearly explain that the human resources role completely understands and supports the route in which the organisation is touching. A complete HR plan will also support other exact strategic objectives undertaken by the marketing, financial, functioning and technology departments. Generally Coca-Cola evaluates its HR plan in various ways which are below: à ¢-  It has the exact people in exact place. à ¢-  It has the accurate combination of skills. à ¢-  Employees show their correct attitudes and behaviours. à ¢-  Employees are organized in a effective way. Coca-Cola take decision a HR strategy plan can attach importance to the organisation if it has the values which are below: à ¢-  Some more clear of the common things which recline at the back the success of other plans and strategies which didnt show previously. à ¢-  Recognize basic an essential issue which has to be addressed to its people as the are motivated more dedicated and work successfully. The next area should be including: à ¢-  Workforce planning issues à ¢-  Making plan successful. à ¢-  Workforce skills campaign. à ¢- Employment justice plans. à ¢-  Motivation and reasonable behaviour issues. à ¢-  Recruitment design in compensate levels, retain and motivate people à ¢-  A reasonable grading and payment system which is serving proper incentive for dedications. à ¢-  A constant performance management structure which is considered to assemble the requirements of all sectors of the business including its people. Furthermore, the HR strategy of Coca-Cola can put in worth is by making sure that, in all its other plans takes its version of and plans for changes in the bigger environment, those are likely to have a major impact such as: à ¢-  Changes in the in general service marketplace. à ¢-  Development of the member of staff relations weather is need. à ¢-  Changes the legal framework which surrounding employment. 3.1 Explanation the purpose of human resource management policies of Coca-Cola: Coca-Cola believes in delivering better performance requirements better capabilities. So its HR policy is planned in procession with this approach and stand on attracting and retaining the brilliant people and developing them constantly. Employees development is the main issues for human resource management. It constantly educated on How to Develop People. Employees, business objectives and ability levels are followed up by the performance management.   Reward system and career management systems are considered on job family model. As a fraction of career management system, internal appointment procedure is used so as to grant them career and job upgrading opportunities. In 2007 there are 97 placement have been filled through internal assignments. Winning and potential employees are reviewed efficiently and exclusively. Talent re-evaluate meetings are planned for next steps with individualized development programs. 3.2 Analysing the impact of regulatory requirements on human resource policies of Coca-Cola: The HR policies can help an organization both internally and externally. It meets requirements for diversity, ethics and training as well as its commitments in relative to instruction and commercial governance. The HR policy of Coca-cola establishes a cultural diversity. HR policies also played a very effective at supporting and building the desired organizational culture. These are lots of system and that actually beneficiary from a company as well as from employee. All around the world, Coca-cola makes sure with 27000 of Expatriates that they be given the kind of correspondence and ongoing support that makes their replacement a positive experience. Coca-Cola team Management with all policies for international mobility with a long term basis. Coca-cola accepted such kind of policies about its internal environment that make sure that they are flexible, smart and complete enough on the way to contract with the large range of needs and issues that is very essential to run a business successfully. Task 3: Reviewing Human Resource Management 4.1 The impact of an organisational structure on the management of human resources: There is a significant impact of HRM of Tesco on organizational structures to get nearer into sight organization in a effective way. The fundamental decision-making scheme was unsuccessful to react quickly to managers desires and concerns. So, Tesco taking place scrapping conservative, hierarchical professional structures in act of kindness of compliment, decentralized management systems. Then smaller number managers were concerned in the decision-making process and companies were adopting more of a team advance to management. HRM professionals, as the management change and were charged with reorganizing workers and escalating their effectiveness. This hard work also resulted in the detonation of part-time, or contract, employees, which necessary human resource strategies that contrasted with those applicable to full time workers. 4.2 Analysing the impact of an organisational culture on the management of human resources: Organizational culture and environment factors are such kind of factor where an organization exist determines the way of managing the organization (Saffold, 1988:547). The connection between organizational culture and human resources practices can be say as follows. When the member of organization i.e. employees, understand and internalized the organzational culture which can be said as the way things are done around here it will enable for employee to choose strategy, and behavior that fit with their personality as well as with the main routines of organization activities. Since Indonesia is belong to country with high power distance and low uncertainty avoidance, it is likely that organizational culture that fit with this condition is parochial type. Parochial culture is characterized by the tendecy to give much attention to some factor such as family relationship, social relation, and personal backgroud, and less attention to capability and competency needed to perform the task. The main power is on the one hand, a powerful person such as the owner or the founder of the company, where the destiny of an employee depends on the hand of the most powerfull person (the boss). There is a division of work, the boss is the planner, the other are the doer. In the high power distance society, good leader or good manager in the eye of the employees, is someone who can act like a good father (Hofstede, 1997). This type of relationship will lead to less participative management in decision making. 4.3 The effectiveness of human resources management is monitored at Tesco: The central point on HR for developing the employees through constant teaching is essential to the achievement of the business; it would amount to a waste of resources. As the UKs largest merchant crossways 14 countries consists of 470,000 members of staff. 4.3.1 Value: These apply together to consumers and employees, and for the latter focus on teamwork, trust and respect, listening, supporting and saying thank you, and sharing knowledge and experience. 4.3.2 Support: Tesco can claim a perpetual support from the employees even though the company faces a dispute concerning the distraction that includes financial services. The company also stretched internationally and economic downturn is enough to keep the companys values. 4.3.3 Growth: The Tescos HR functions are extremely entrenched. They are doing type to both short-term and longer term growth. The company is created 11,000 new jobs in 2009 and they will target the long-term unemployed.   4.3.4 Meritocracy: Tesco boasts the best employee remuneration package in the food retail sector, with an award-winning pension scheme. Some 170,000 staff own shares or are members of share schemes, and there is discounted dental, health and life insurance on offer. 4.4 Justified recommendations to improve the effectiveness of human resources management in Tesco: 4.4.1 Composition of the audit team: There has to be a representative from the HR function and from among senior line managers if the effect has to have any credibility. 4.4.2Identify the functions main customers: It is important to review to measure that what customers main functions are. 4.4.3 Mission reports reconsider: This declaration explains the cause for the HR functions continuation, its principal actions and its most important values. 4.4.4 Reconsider the activities role in implementing the companys strategy: This is critical point to establishing the connection between HR policy and practices as well as the organizations overall business strategy. 4.4.5 Reconsider the HR policy and practices: The benefit of this approach is that line managers can go anywhere if they are not happy with the service they be given from the HR function within the organization. 4.4.6 Create domestic comparison to set up best practice: The organization have to make and continually keep posted a exclusive database of HR practices that gives an overview of developments within the worlds major organizations today. 4.4.7Review the outcome of analysis: Performance gaps have to be identified and the policy implications have to be discussed with the customer. The commitment for implementing the necessary improvements should be gained. 4.4.8 Apply the decided improvements: The metrics selected should be the decided on right indicators of the HR functions performance and evaluate the results with industry averages, competitors, best practice firms, and/or with set targets or previous performance ratings.